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Microbio Ex 1 > Ex 2- Childhood Viral Diseases- Middleton > Flashcards

Ex 2- Childhood Viral Diseases- Middleton Flashcards

1
Q

The _____ virus causes measles

A

measels

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2
Q

_____ ______ virus causes croup, bronchitis, respiratory tract infections

A

respiratory syncytial virus

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3
Q

_____ ____ virus causes chickenpox

A

varicella zoster

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4
Q

_____ & ______ cause gastroenteritis

A
  • rotavirus

- poliovirus

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5
Q

What type of genome is the measles virus (paramyxovirus)

A

(-) ssRNA

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6
Q

Measles virus has a _________ virion

A

enveloped

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7
Q

Measles virus replicates in the cell in the _____

A

cytoplasm

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8
Q

The fusion protein in measles virus causes ________ formation

A

synctia (mass containing several nuclei) ___

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9
Q

Measles virus is transmitted by ______ of ______ _______

A

inhalation of aerosolized droplets

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10
Q

The incubation period of measles virus is ___ - ____ days

A

10-14

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11
Q

Measles virus causes a primary infection in ______ epithelial tissues –> primary _____

A
  • respiratory

- viremia (present in blood- symptoms occur after)

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12
Q

Symptom onset with measles virus coincides w/ _____ round of virus replication

A

2nd

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13
Q

Secondary viremia occurs in the ____, ______, _____, _____, and spleen

A
  • LN
  • tonsils
  • lungs
  • GI tract
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14
Q

Recovery occurs approx, ___ days after infection

A

20

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15
Q

Measles is the _____ ______ of the childhood rash/fever illnesses

A

most deadly

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16
Q

What causes the characteristic rash of measles?

A
  • virus & immune response damage to epithelial and endothelial cells
  • koplik spots in mouth
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17
Q

What are the possible complications of measles?

A
  • immune suppression
  • opportunistic infections
  • blindness
  • ADEM (neurological)
  • SSPE (neurological)
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18
Q

Measles causes immune suppression by interfering with CD__ & _____ _____ ______ ____ ( )receptors

A
  • 46

- signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM)

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19
Q

Immune suppression allows for _______ infections

A

opportunistic (secondary) infections

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20
Q

Measles can cause ______ in vitamin A deficient children

A

blindness

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21
Q

A complication of measles can cause this neurological demyelinating disease is rare (1:1000 children)

A

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)

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22
Q

A complication of measles can cause this very rare (1:1 million children) progressive neurological deterioration 7-10 years after infection

A

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)

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23
Q

What are the symptoms that help diagnosis measles?

A
  • 2-3 days fever + cough, coryza & conjunctivitis, characteristic rash ( red spots w/ bluish centers)
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24
Q

Virus isolation in culture is _____ for measles

A

difficult

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25
Q

How is measles diagnosed in the lab?

A
  • serology

- Elisa (RT-PCR)

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26
Q

Measles is one of the ______ contagious diseases known

A

most

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27
Q

_____ are the only host for measles

A

humans

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28
Q

People are infectious __ - ___ days prior to rash

A

2-3 days

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29
Q

What is the number of cases from one illness?

A

15-20

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30
Q

How is measles prevented?

A
  • Vaccine (lifelong immunity)
  • live attenuated vaccine
  • Vit A reduce severity
  • No antivirals
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31
Q

Measles was considered “eliminated” from the US in _____

A

2000; introduced back by int.travel bc common in other countries

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32
Q

Respiratory Syncytial Virus RSV (paramyxovirus) has what type of genome?

A

(-)ssRNA

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33
Q

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) has an _____ virion

A

enveloped

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34
Q

Replication occurs in the ______ of the cell

A

cytoplasm

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35
Q

RSV infects ____ cells in the _____ _____ epithelium

A
  • ciliated

- respiratory tract

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36
Q

The ____ protein in RSV creates syncytia

A

fusion

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37
Q

RSV exits cell via _____ from cellular surface

A

budding

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38
Q

RSV is the most important ______ agent of serious pediatric respiratory tract infections

A

viral

39
Q

How is RSV transmitted?

A
  • inhalation of aerosol

- fomites

40
Q

RSV virus replication is limited to the ______ ______

A

respiratory tract

41
Q

The incubation period for RSV is __ - __ days

A

4-5

42
Q

Lower respiratory tract symptoms occur __ - __ days after upper respiratory tract symptoms

A

1-3

43
Q

Recovery from RSV is __ - __ days after symptom onset

A

7-12 days

44
Q

Does the RSV virus infect animals?

A

No, only infects humans, no animal reservoir

45
Q

Does RSV infection result in lifelong immunity?

A

No, mutates easily, infants have an immature immune system and in the respiratory tract IgA is short lived

46
Q

What are the risk factors for infection of RSV?

A
  • attending day care

- school age siblings

47
Q

What would put someone at risk for a more severe RSV infection?

A
  • premature birth
  • male
  • second hand tobacco smoke
  • lack of breast feeding ( antibodies in breast milk)
48
Q

Are there antivirals or vaccines for RSV?

A

No

49
Q

What is the main prevention of RSV?

A
  • passive immunoprophylaxis; humanized monoclonal antibody (targets F protein)
50
Q

Varicella Zoster Virus (alphaherpesvirus) has what type of genome?

A

dsDNA (large)

51
Q

The virion for varicella zoster virus is ______

A

enveloped

52
Q

How many proteins does the varicella zoster virus produce?

A

hundreds

53
Q

Where is varicella zoster virus replicated?

A

in the cell nucleus

  • active cell for replication
  • rsting cell (neuron) –> latent infection (circular genome)
  • infects neighboring cell first
54
Q

How is varicella zoster virus transmitted?

A

inhalation of aerosolized droplets

55
Q

What is the incubation period for varicella zoster virus?

A

10-21 days

56
Q

What are the symptoms of chickenpox (varicella zoster virus)?

A
  • fever, malaise, headache

- rash 1-2 days after symptoms for 3-6 days

57
Q

Where is the chicken pox rash located?

A
  • scalp
  • face
  • trunk primarily
58
Q

Recovery from chickenpox is usually?

A

2 weeks post symptom onset
- cell medited immunity most important ( WBC
s, NK cells)

59
Q

Varicella zoster virus usually establishes ____ infections that can be ______ ie _____

A
  • latent
  • reactivated
  • shingles (mid ribcage or back)
60
Q

Where does smallpox usually occur?

A

extremities

61
Q

How is chickenpox prevented?

A
  • vaccination; lifelong immunity

- antivirals; interferes w/ genome replication, cannot eliminate latent virus

62
Q

What type of genome does poliovirus (picornavirus) have?

A

(+) ssRNA

63
Q

The virion in poliovirus is _________

A

non-enveloped

64
Q

What proteins does poliovirus contain?

A

4 protein capsid (VP1-4)

65
Q

Poliovirus replicates in the ____

A

cell

66
Q

Poliovirus particles create ______ in cell membrane

A

pores

67
Q

Where is poliovirus the disease prevalent?

A
  • endemic areas where infections re common in naive children
68
Q

How is poliovirus transmitted?

A
  • ingestion of material containing virus
69
Q

Primary replication of poliovirus occurs in ______ _____ of ______ intestine causing minor viremia, secondary replication; major viremia

A
  • peyer’s patches

- small

70
Q

Fecal shedding of poliovirus for __ weeks

A

6

71
Q

Poliovirus is a _____ disease if no CNS involvement

A

mild

72
Q

CNS involvement associated w/ poliovirus occurs in __ : ____ infections

A

1:200

73
Q

What are the risk factors for CNS involvement with poliovirus?

A
  • physical exertion
  • trauma
  • tonsillectomy
74
Q

Poliovirus replicates in _____ _____ of brain and spinal cord causing ____ ___ from anterior horn cell damage, ____ ____ from damage to medulla oblongota

A
  • gray matter
  • limb paralysis
  • respiratory
75
Q

How is poliovirus prevented?

A
  • vaccination (2)
    • salk (killed)
  • -sabin (live attenuated)
  • targeted for eradication
76
Q

Does poliovirus have an animal reservoir?

A

No, only infects humans

77
Q

A live attenuated vaccine causes ____ and ____ ____ responses

A
  • antibody

- cell mediated

78
Q

A killed vaccine causes only _____ response

A

antibody

79
Q

What is the genome of rotavirus (rotaviridae)?

A

dsRNA, 11 segments

80
Q

The virion of rotavirus is ______

A

non-enveloped

81
Q

Rotavirus replicates in the ____ _____

A

cell cytoplasm

82
Q

Rotavirus causes _____ disruption and the genome is _____ exposed

A
  • membrane

- never

83
Q

How is the rotavirus transmitted?

A
  • ingestion of material containing virus
84
Q

What is the incubation period for rotavirus?

A
  • 2 days (vomiting and fever)
85
Q

What are the symptoms of rotavirus?

A
  • Diarrhea 2-3 days after vomiting lasting 3-8 days
86
Q

Viral shedding of rotavirus occurs for ____ before symptom onset and ____ after recovery

A
  • weeks

- days

87
Q

Severe rotavirus disease is common in __ to __ _____ old children

A

6 to 24 month

88
Q

How is rotavirus diagnosed?

A

antigens in stool

89
Q

What is rotavirus prevented?

A
  • infant vaccines (rotateq, rotarix)
  • no antivirals
  • good hygiene
90
Q

How is rotavirus treated?

A

oral rehydration

91
Q

Mumps virus causes ____

A

mumps (paramyxovirus)

92
Q

Rubella virus (togavirus) causes ____ ____

A

german measles

93
Q

Prvovirus B19 (parvovirus) causes ____ disease

A

fifth

94
Q

Human herpesvirus -6 (betaherpesevirus) causes _____

A

roseola

Microbio Ex 1 (18 decks)

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