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Microbio Ex 1 > Ex 2- Childhood Viral Diseases- Middleton > Flashcards

Ex 2- Childhood Viral Diseases- Middleton Flashcards

1
Q

The _____ virus causes measles

A

measels

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2
Q

_____ ______ virus causes croup, bronchitis, respiratory tract infections

A

respiratory syncytial virus

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3
Q

_____ ____ virus causes chickenpox

A

varicella zoster

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4
Q

_____ & ______ cause gastroenteritis

A
  • rotavirus

- poliovirus

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5
Q

What type of genome is the measles virus (paramyxovirus)

A

(-) ssRNA

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6
Q

Measles virus has a _________ virion

A

enveloped

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7
Q

Measles virus replicates in the cell in the _____

A

cytoplasm

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8
Q

The fusion protein in measles virus causes ________ formation

A

synctia (mass containing several nuclei) ___

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9
Q

Measles virus is transmitted by ______ of ______ _______

A

inhalation of aerosolized droplets

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10
Q

The incubation period of measles virus is ___ - ____ days

A

10-14

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11
Q

Measles virus causes a primary infection in ______ epithelial tissues –> primary _____

A
  • respiratory

- viremia (present in blood- symptoms occur after)

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12
Q

Symptom onset with measles virus coincides w/ _____ round of virus replication

A

2nd

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13
Q

Secondary viremia occurs in the ____, ______, _____, _____, and spleen

A
  • LN
  • tonsils
  • lungs
  • GI tract
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14
Q

Recovery occurs approx, ___ days after infection

A

20

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15
Q

Measles is the _____ ______ of the childhood rash/fever illnesses

A

most deadly

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16
Q

What causes the characteristic rash of measles?

A
  • virus & immune response damage to epithelial and endothelial cells
  • koplik spots in mouth
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17
Q

What are the possible complications of measles?

A
  • immune suppression
  • opportunistic infections
  • blindness
  • ADEM (neurological)
  • SSPE (neurological)
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18
Q

Measles causes immune suppression by interfering with CD__ & _____ _____ ______ ____ ( )receptors

A
  • 46

- signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM)

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19
Q

Immune suppression allows for _______ infections

A

opportunistic (secondary) infections

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20
Q

Measles can cause ______ in vitamin A deficient children

A

blindness

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21
Q

A complication of measles can cause this neurological demyelinating disease is rare (1:1000 children)

A

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)

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22
Q

A complication of measles can cause this very rare (1:1 million children) progressive neurological deterioration 7-10 years after infection

A

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)

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23
Q

What are the symptoms that help diagnosis measles?

A
  • 2-3 days fever + cough, coryza & conjunctivitis, characteristic rash ( red spots w/ bluish centers)
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24
Q

Virus isolation in culture is _____ for measles

A

difficult

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25
How is measles diagnosed in the lab?
- serology | - Elisa (RT-PCR)
26
Measles is one of the ______ contagious diseases known
most
27
_____ are the only host for measles
humans
28
People are infectious __ - ___ days prior to rash
2-3 days
29
What is the number of cases from one illness?
15-20
30
How is measles prevented?
- Vaccine (lifelong immunity) - live attenuated vaccine - Vit A reduce severity - No antivirals
31
Measles was considered "eliminated" from the US in _____
2000; introduced back by int.travel bc common in other countries
32
Respiratory Syncytial Virus *RSV* (paramyxovirus) has what type of genome?
(-)ssRNA
33
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) has an _____ virion
enveloped
34
Replication occurs in the ______ of the cell
cytoplasm
35
RSV infects ____ cells in the _____ _____ epithelium
- ciliated | - respiratory tract
36
The ____ protein in RSV creates syncytia
fusion
37
RSV exits cell via _____ from cellular surface
budding
38
RSV is the most important ______ agent of serious pediatric respiratory tract infections
viral
39
How is RSV transmitted?
- inhalation of aerosol | - fomites
40
RSV virus replication is limited to the ______ ______
respiratory tract
41
The incubation period for RSV is __ - __ days
4-5
42
Lower respiratory tract symptoms occur __ - __ days after upper respiratory tract symptoms
1-3
43
Recovery from RSV is __ - __ days after symptom onset
7-12 days
44
Does the RSV virus infect animals?
No, only infects humans, no animal reservoir
45
Does RSV infection result in lifelong immunity?
No, mutates easily, infants have an immature immune system and in the respiratory tract IgA is short lived
46
What are the risk factors for infection of RSV?
- attending day care | - school age siblings
47
What would put someone at risk for a more severe RSV infection?
- premature birth - male - second hand tobacco smoke - lack of breast feeding ( antibodies in breast milk)
48
Are there antivirals or vaccines for RSV?
No
49
What is the main prevention of RSV?
- passive immunoprophylaxis; humanized monoclonal antibody (targets F protein)
50
Varicella Zoster Virus (alphaherpesvirus) has what type of genome?
dsDNA (large)
51
The virion for varicella zoster virus is ______
enveloped
52
How many proteins does the varicella zoster virus produce?
hundreds
53
Where is varicella zoster virus replicated?
in the cell nucleus - active cell for replication - rsting cell (neuron) --> latent infection (circular genome) - infects neighboring cell first
54
How is varicella zoster virus transmitted?
inhalation of aerosolized droplets
55
What is the incubation period for varicella zoster virus?
10-21 days
56
What are the symptoms of chickenpox (varicella zoster virus)?
- fever, malaise, headache | - rash 1-2 days after symptoms for 3-6 days
57
Where is the chicken pox rash located?
- scalp - face - trunk primarily
58
Recovery from chickenpox is usually?
2 weeks post symptom onset - cell medited immunity most important ( WBC s, NK cells)
59
Varicella zoster virus usually establishes ____ infections that can be ______ ie _____
- latent - reactivated - shingles (mid ribcage or back)
60
Where does smallpox usually occur?
extremities
61
How is chickenpox prevented?
- vaccination; lifelong immunity | - antivirals; interferes w/ genome replication, cannot eliminate latent virus
62
What type of genome does poliovirus (picornavirus) have?
(+) ssRNA
63
The virion in poliovirus is _________
non-enveloped
64
What proteins does poliovirus contain?
4 protein capsid (VP1-4)
65
Poliovirus replicates in the ____
cell
66
Poliovirus particles create ______ in cell membrane
pores
67
Where is poliovirus the disease prevalent?
- endemic areas where infections re common in naive children
68
How is poliovirus transmitted?
- ingestion of material containing virus
69
Primary replication of poliovirus occurs in ______ _____ of ______ intestine causing minor viremia, secondary replication; major viremia
- peyer's patches | - small
70
Fecal shedding of poliovirus for __ weeks
6
71
Poliovirus is a _____ disease if no CNS involvement
mild
72
CNS involvement associated w/ poliovirus occurs in __ : ____ infections
1:200
73
What are the risk factors for CNS involvement with poliovirus?
- physical exertion - trauma - tonsillectomy
74
Poliovirus replicates in _____ _____ of brain and spinal cord causing ____ ___ from anterior horn cell damage, ____ ____ from damage to medulla oblongota
- gray matter - limb paralysis - respiratory
75
How is poliovirus prevented?
- vaccination (2) - - salk (killed) - -sabin (live attenuated) - targeted for eradication
76
Does poliovirus have an animal reservoir?
No, only infects humans
77
A live attenuated vaccine causes ____ and ____ ____ responses
- antibody | - cell mediated
78
A killed vaccine causes only _____ response
antibody
79
What is the genome of rotavirus (rotaviridae)?
dsRNA, 11 segments
80
The virion of rotavirus is ______
non-enveloped
81
Rotavirus replicates in the ____ _____
cell cytoplasm
82
Rotavirus causes _____ disruption and the genome is _____ exposed
- membrane | - never
83
How is the rotavirus transmitted?
- ingestion of material containing virus
84
What is the incubation period for rotavirus?
- 2 days (vomiting and fever)
85
What are the symptoms of rotavirus?
- Diarrhea 2-3 days after vomiting lasting 3-8 days
86
Viral shedding of rotavirus occurs for ____ before symptom onset and ____ after recovery
- weeks | - days
87
Severe rotavirus disease is common in __ to __ _____ old children
6 to 24 month
88
How is rotavirus diagnosed?
antigens in stool
89
What is rotavirus prevented?
- infant vaccines (rotateq, rotarix) - no antivirals - good hygiene
90
How is rotavirus treated?
oral rehydration
91
Mumps virus causes ____
mumps (paramyxovirus)
92
Rubella virus (togavirus) causes ____ ____
german measles
93
Prvovirus B19 (parvovirus) causes ____ disease
fifth
94
Human herpesvirus -6 (betaherpesevirus) causes _____
roseola

Microbio Ex 1 (18 decks)

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