Eran Levin - Sugar

Question 1

What is the more common structure of sugar?

Answer 1

Ring
המולקולה נמצאת בשיווי משקל בין
מבנה פתוח לטבעתי

Question 2

Does predators can detect sweetness?

Answer 2

No

Question 3

Does dogs can detect sweetness?

Answer 3

Yes

Question 4

What is the evolutionary advantage of the sweetness in the human milk

Answer 4

humans brain works on glucose

Question 5

Why lactose is evolutionary preferable for babies?

Answer 5

It doesn’t harm their teeth

Question 6

What roles does the sugar has in our body

Answer 6

Structure, storage and signal transduction

Question 7

What are the kind of bond in starches

Answer 7

Alpha 1-4

Question 8

What is the type of bond in cellulose?

Answer 8

Beta 1-4

Question 9

Why nitro cellulose can burn for long time?

Answer 9

releasing nitric acid’s oxygen and further catalyzing the decomposition

Question 10

How fungi treat celluloid?

Answer 10

Eats it

Question 11

Does fungi breaks cellophane?

Answer 11

Yes

Question 12

With what hydroxyl groups are replaced in cellophane in stead of cellulose?

Answer 12

Sulfur in stead of hydroxyl

Question 13

Which sugar is placed in chewing gums?

Answer 13

Xylose
xylitol
isomalt
maltitol
mannitol
sorbitol

Question 14

Why xylose is used in gums?

Answer 14

Bacteria can’t breakdown it

Question 15

Does cows has enzyme that breaks down cellulose

Answer 15

No

Question 16

To which stomach does the cow insert the cellulose

Answer 16

To the rumen

Question 17

Under which process the cellulose undergo in the cows stomach

Answer 17

Ferentation by microorganisms

Question 18

To which product the cow breaks cellulose

Answer 18

To short fatty acids

Question 19

To which fatty acids the cellulose is been breaking down

Answer 19

Short Chain fatty acids
Acetic acid
Propionic acid
Butyric acid

Question 20

Which bird only eats leaves and has same microorganisms as cow

Answer 20

Hoacin

Question 21

How does microorganisms reach the digester system of animals?

Answer 21

Food

Birth (from mother to Childs)

Question 22

Where does pectin is located

Answer 22

בדופן התא בתאים צמחיים

Question 23

Pecatin is polymer of

Answer 23

Galactose

Question 24

What is the product that solidifies the jam

Answer 24

Pecatin

Question 25

What happends to the galactorinic acid when the pectin soluilized

Answer 25

Donate a proton

Question 26

What is the main material that comprises fungi?

Answer 26

Chitin

Question 27

Which organizmes contain chitin?

Answer 27

Fungi and arthropods

Question 28

What characterizes structures that contain chitin

Answer 28

Rigid, see through, flexible

Question 29

What is the role of chitinazes in our body?

Answer 29

breakdown harmful fungi

Question 30

Which animal produce Ethanol?

Answer 30

Carpione

Question 31

In people who consume alcohol regularly, what is the rate of the alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme (ADH)

Answer 31

slow rate

Question 32

People who does not consume high amount of alcohol, which enzyme in the metabolism of alcohol is not very active

Answer 32

Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH)

Question 33

Which product accumulate in people who are not usual alcohol consumers

Answer 33

Acetaldehyde

Question 34

Which product causes the feeling of hangover

Answer 34

Acetaldehyde

Question 35

Which enzyme turns pyruvate to lactate

Answer 35

Lactate dehydrogenase

Question 36

How lactate influence muscle

Answer 36

Weakening them

Question 37

With lack of which component the naked mole can live without?

Answer 37

Oxygen

Question 38

What is the energy source of the naked mole?

Answer 38

Fructose

Question 39

Why plants does not store glucose as a monomer?

Answer 39

It's very reactive and toxic. they store it as starch

Question 40

As which type of sugar glucose is been stored to decrease it's reactivity?

Answer 40

Sucrose (a dimer composed of glucose and fructose)

Question 41

Which plant is known for it's sucrose producing ability

Answer 41

Sugar cane

Question 42

What does starch is comprised of?

Answer 42

Amilopectine and amylose

Question 43

Why animal does not store sugar

Answer 43

יש לאגור הרבה מאד מים לשם כך, דבר שמוסיף משקל רב וסוכר לא מספיק יעיל מבחינת אספקה אנרגטית, בניגוד לשומן

Question 44

Which insect stores sugar

Answer 44

Bees and ants

Question 45

What is trialose

Answer 45

Sugar in the blood of insects

Question 46

In which plants can we find raphinose

Answer 46

Legumes and Cruciferae

Question 47

To which state raphinos causes

Answer 47

gas

Question 48

What types of sugar rapuinose contain

Answer 48

Galactos glucose fructose

Question 49

In which insect we can find melzitose

Answer 49

Aphids (knima)

Question 50

Does our kiddy's can produce inositol?

Answer 50

Yes

Question 51

In where nutrition we can find high level of inositol?

Answer 51

Fruits , especially melons and oranges

Question 52

What is the type of bond in glycogen between the units

Answer 52

Alpha 1-4

Question 53

Which bonds are between the polymers of glycogen

Answer 53

Alpha 1-6

Question 54

Which protein is located in the middle of glycogen

Answer 54

Glycogenin

Question 55

What surrounds glycogenin

Answer 55

Glucose

Question 56

Where most of the glycogen is stored

Answer 56

Liver and muscles

Question 57

Why birds almost doesn't have glycogen

Answer 57

Because it attracts water and they has to maintain low weight

Question 58

Usually what is the metabolic rate of organisms that consume sugar

Answer 58

Fast

Question 59

How plants can benefit from ants

Answer 59

They are been used to protect their Organs and in exchange provide them sugar

Question 60

Which organism has the highest ability to consume nectar

Answer 60

Insects

Question 61

What are radicals

Answer 61

Atoms who tries to steal electrons from other atoms

Question 62

What is the origin of radicals

Answer 62

Mitochondrial activity

Question 63

What are the Influence of radicals

Answer 63

Aging Cell death Mutations

Question 64

which positive activity does radicals have?

Answer 64

Immune system | cells transduction

Question 65

How can we deal with radicals

Answer 65

Antioxidants

Question 66

How can we measure metabolic rate?

Answer 66

Measure level of how much oxygen is consumed and how much carbon dioxide is emited

Question 67

What is RQ

Answer 67

Respiratory coefficient

Question 68

What is the source of the pentose phosphate pathway

Answer 68

Glucose 6 phosphate

Question 69

Which metabolic pathway Releases carbon dioxide

Answer 69

Phosphate pentose pathway

Question 70

What is the use of NADPH from the pentose phosphate pathway

Answer 70

Antioxidant and use for anabolic process

Question 71

which organ/tissue/cell is usually damaged in people who has a problem with that G6PD enzyme

Answer 71

Red blood cells

Question 72

From which disease the G6PD prevents

Answer 72

Malaria and types of cancer

Question 73

Why people licking G6PD are resistant to cancer

Answer 73

Because the cancerous cell is itself can't do its activity because it has a problem with the g6pd

Question 74

In eran's experiment, how sugar influenced the oxidative stress?

Answer 74

Minimized it

Question 75

What product do we need to add in order to activate glutathione

Answer 75

NADPH

Question 76

Is active glutathione is reduced or oxidized

Answer 76

Reduced

Question 77

Which phenomenon is able from pentose phosphate pathway in butterflies?

Answer 77

Flipping wings and flying for long distances

Question 78

What does birds eat before they fly for long distance

Answer 78

Fruit, to increase the reductive potential

Question 79

How glycogen can prevent from oxidative stress

Answer 79

Enters the pentose phosphate pathway and helps producing antioxidants