Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Metabolism and Pathology > Eran Levin - Sugar > Flashcards

Eran Levin - Sugar Flashcards

1
Q

What is the more common structure of sugar?

A

Ring
המולקולה נמצאת בשיווי משקל בין
מבנה פתוח לטבעתי

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Does predators can detect sweetness?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Does dogs can detect sweetness?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the evolutionary advantage of the sweetness in the human milk

A

humans brain works on glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why lactose is evolutionary preferable for babies?

A

It doesn’t harm their teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What roles does the sugar has in our body

A

Structure, storage and signal transduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the kind of bond in starches

A

Alpha 1-4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the type of bond in cellulose?

A

Beta 1-4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Why nitro cellulose can burn for long time?

A

releasing nitric acid’s oxygen and further catalyzing the decomposition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How fungi treat celluloid?

A

Eats it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Does fungi breaks cellophane?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

With what hydroxyl groups are replaced in cellophane in stead of cellulose?

A

Sulfur in stead of hydroxyl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which sugar is placed in chewing gums?

A 
Xylose
xylitol
isomalt
maltitol
mannitol
sorbitol
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Why xylose is used in gums?

A

Bacteria can’t breakdown it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Does cows has enzyme that breaks down cellulose

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

To which stomach does the cow insert the cellulose

A

To the rumen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Under which process the cellulose undergo in the cows stomach

A

Ferentation by microorganisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

To which product the cow breaks cellulose

A

To short fatty acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

To which fatty acids the cellulose is been breaking down

A

Short Chain fatty acids
Acetic acid
Propionic acid
Butyric acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which bird only eats leaves and has same microorganisms as cow

A

Hoacin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How does microorganisms reach the digester system of animals?

A

Food

Birth (from mother to Childs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Where does pectin is located

A

בדופן התא בתאים צמחיים

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Pecatin is polymer of

A

Galactose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the product that solidifies the jam

A

Pecatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What happends to the galactorinic acid when the pectin soluilized

A

Donate a proton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the main material that comprises fungi?

A

Chitin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Which organizmes contain chitin?

A

Fungi and arthropods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What characterizes structures that contain chitin

A

Rigid, see through, flexible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the role of chitinazes in our body?

A

breakdown harmful fungi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Which animal produce Ethanol?

A

Carpione

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

In people who consume alcohol regularly, what is the rate of the alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme (ADH)

A

slow rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

People who does not consume high amount of alcohol, which enzyme in the metabolism of alcohol is not very active

A

Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH)

33
Q

Which product accumulate in people who are not usual alcohol consumers

A

Acetaldehyde

34
Q

Which product causes the feeling of hangover

A

Acetaldehyde

35
Q

Which enzyme turns pyruvate to lactate

A

Lactate dehydrogenase

36
Q

How lactate influence muscle

A

Weakening them

37
Q

With lack of which component the naked mole can live without?

A

Oxygen

38
Q

What is the energy source of the naked mole?

A

Fructose

39
Q

Why plants does not store glucose as a monomer?

A

It’s very reactive and toxic. they store it as starch

40
Q

As which type of sugar glucose is been stored to decrease it’s reactivity?

A

Sucrose (a dimer composed of glucose and fructose)

41
Q

Which plant is known for it’s sucrose producing ability

A

Sugar cane

42
Q

What does starch is comprised of?

A

Amilopectine and amylose

43
Q

Why animal does not store sugar

A

יש לאגור הרבה מאד מים לשם כך, דבר
שמוסיף משקל רב
וסוכר לא מספיק יעיל מבחינת אספקה אנרגטית, בניגוד לשומן

44
Q

Which insect stores sugar

A

Bees and ants

45
Q

What is trialose

A

Sugar in the blood of insects

46
Q

In which plants can we find raphinose

A

Legumes and Cruciferae

47
Q

To which state raphinos causes

A

gas

48
Q

What types of sugar rapuinose contain

A

Galactos glucose fructose

49
Q

In which insect we can find melzitose

A

Aphids (knima)

50
Q

Does our kiddy’s can produce inositol?

A

Yes

51
Q

In where nutrition we can find high level of inositol?

A

Fruits , especially melons and oranges

52
Q

What is the type of bond in glycogen between the units

A

Alpha 1-4

53
Q

Which bonds are between the polymers of glycogen

A

Alpha 1-6

54
Q

Which protein is located in the middle of glycogen

A

Glycogenin

55
Q

What surrounds glycogenin

A

Glucose

56
Q

Where most of the glycogen is stored

A

Liver and muscles

57
Q

Why birds almost doesn’t have glycogen

A

Because it attracts water and they has to maintain low weight

58
Q

Usually what is the metabolic rate of organisms that consume sugar

A

Fast

59
Q

How plants can benefit from ants

A

They are been used to protect their Organs and in exchange provide them sugar

60
Q

Which organism has the highest ability to consume nectar

A

Insects

61
Q

What are radicals

A

Atoms who tries to steal electrons from other atoms

62
Q

What is the origin of radicals

A

Mitochondrial activity

63
Q

What are the Influence of radicals

A

Aging
Cell death
Mutations

64
Q

which positive activity does radicals have?

A

Immune system

cells transduction

65
Q

How can we deal with radicals

A

Antioxidants

66
Q

How can we measure metabolic rate?

A

Measure level of how much oxygen is consumed and how much carbon dioxide is emited

67
Q

What is RQ

A

Respiratory coefficient

68
Q

What is the source of the pentose phosphate pathway

A

Glucose 6 phosphate

69
Q

Which metabolic pathway Releases carbon dioxide

A

Phosphate pentose pathway

70
Q

What is the use of NADPH from the pentose phosphate pathway

A

Antioxidant and use for anabolic process

71
Q

which organ/tissue/cell is usually damaged in people who has a problem with that G6PD enzyme

A

Red blood cells

72
Q

From which disease the G6PD prevents

A

Malaria and types of cancer

73
Q

Why people licking G6PD are resistant to cancer

A

Because the cancerous cell is itself can’t do its activity because it has a problem with the g6pd

74
Q

In eran’s experiment, how sugar influenced the oxidative stress?

A

Minimized it

75
Q

What product do we need to add in order to activate glutathione

A

NADPH

76
Q

Is active glutathione is reduced or oxidized

A

Reduced

77
Q

Which phenomenon is able from pentose phosphate pathway in butterflies?

A

Flipping wings and flying for long distances

78
Q

What does birds eat before they fly for long distance

A

Fruit, to increase the reductive potential

79
Q

How glycogen can prevent from oxidative stress

A

Enters the pentose phosphate pathway and helps producing antioxidants

Metabolism and Pathology (28 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions