Biosynthesis Of Triacilglycerol And Phospholipids Flashcards
What is the origin molecule of triacylglycerol and phospholipids?
Glycerol 3 phosphate
In which ways we can get glycerol 3 phosphate?
Glycolysis and glyceroneogeneisis
What is the origin product of Glyceroneogenesis?
pyruvate, alanine, glutamine
In which tissues glycerol kinase is present
Kidneys and liver
Does glycerol kinase appear in fat cells
No
What is phosphatidic acid?
Phosphatated glycerol with 2 added fatty acids
What is the name of glycerol with 2 fatty acids on it
Phosphotidic acid
Are there phospholipids that are not based on glycerol?
Yes
When we have rapid growth of cells, what do we need more - phospholipids or triacylglycerol?
Phospholipids
Which enzyme turns phosphatidic acid to 1,2 di acilglycerol
Phosphatidic acid phosphates
What is the main regulation over the process of building triacylglycerol
Level of sugar in our blood
Which processes insulin accelerates (Regarding to Acetyl CoA)
Turning pyruvate to Acetyl-CoA
turning acetyl Co-A to fatty acids
What can be the Origin of acetal coa
Glucose and ketogenic amino acids
People with diabetes can’t (regarding to fats)
Store fats
Why can’t diabetes store fats
Because lack of oxaleacetale disable insertion of acetal coa to Krebs cycle
How many carbons are there in cholesterol
27
How many rings are there in the cholesterol molecule
4
Does cholesterol has hydrophilic part?
Yes, one Hydroxyl (OH) group
For which purposes cholesterol is needed?
Build membranes and produce essential materials from it
How many Acetyl Co-A molecules initiates building of cholesterol
3
What is the second product in the clidesterd building process
Mevalonate
What is the third product in the cholesterol building process
Isoprene (activated)
What is the form of Squalene
Linear
Which enzyme actives the committed step in the production of cholesterol
HMG Co-A reductase
Where most of the cholesterol is produced in our body
liver cytosol
How phosphates effect Hmg coa reductase?
Inactivates it
How high levels of cholesterol in the cells effect production of cholesterol?
Inactivation of Hmg coa reductase
How high levels of cholesterol in liver cells effect HMG coa reductase?
It is degraded by proteolise of ubiquitin
What is cholesteryl ester?
Form of storage for surpass cholesterol
How a disease of surpass cholesterol is called
Hypercholesterolemia
Which enzyme statins holds back?
Hmg coa reductase
How statins lower the level of cholesterol in the blood
- Less cholesterol is produced
- More cholesterol absorbed by the receptors on the cells
Which element is harm in the familial hypercholesterolemia gets harmed
LDL receptor
Which enzyme turns cholesterol to cholesteryl Esther?
ACAT (acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase)
Which hormone is produced from cholesterol?
Progesterone
Testosterone
Cortisol
What is the origin product of testosterone?
Progesterone
What does aldosterone do?
Regulates reabsorbtion of Na+, cl-, HCO3 in the kidney
What is the backbone of spingolipids?
Sphingosine
How spingosine is different from glycerol?
Has another amine group and chain of 15 Carbons with double bond
What is the committed step of producing spinogolipids?
The step that catalyzed by serine palmitoyil coa transferase
