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General Surgery > ER EOR EXAM cardio > Flashcards

ER EOR EXAM cardio Flashcards

1
Q

what is the MC valve involved with bacterial endocriditis

A

mitral

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2
Q

what is the difference between acute bacterial endocarditis and sub acute bacterial endocarditis

A

subacute is abnormal valved

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3
Q

what is the organism with sub acute endocarditis

A

S. Viridans

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4
Q

what is the organism with acute bacterial endocarditis

A

S aureus

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5
Q

what is the organisms with IVDU endocarditis

A

MRSA

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6
Q

what is the organisms with prosthetic valve endocarditis

A

prostheic valve epidermidis

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7
Q

what are the 4 patho pneumonic aspects of endocarditis

A

roth spots
splinter hemorages
jane way lesions
splinter hemmorages

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8
Q

what is the first thing you do with endocarditis

A

blood clltures

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9
Q

what typr of murmur with endocarditis

A

new regurg murmur

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10
Q

what criteria for endocarditis

A

duke criteria

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11
Q

How do you tx acute bacterial endocarditis

A

nafcillin + gent

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12
Q

how do you tx sub acute endocarditis

A

ampcillin + gent

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13
Q

how do you tx prostehic valve endocarditis

A

Vanco + Rifampin + Gent

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14
Q

how do you tx fungal endocarditis

A

ampcillin

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15
Q

what are the 4 groups that get treated with prophalyaxis endocarditis

A
  • prosthetic valve
  • heart repairs using prosthetic materials
  • congenital heart disease
  • prior history of ABE
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16
Q

what is the medication used for ABR prophalaxis

A

amoxicillin

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17
Q

irregularly irregular

A

A fib

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18
Q

what are the 3 meds for rate control and A fib (class)

A
  • beta blocker
  • CCB
  • Digoxin (this is if they have CHF or hypotension)
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19
Q

how do you tx unstable a fib

A

direct synchronized cardiovestion

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20
Q

how do you know if someone needs to be on anticoag for a fib

A 
CHF
HTN 
Age > 65
Dm 
stroke
Vascular
Age > 75
Sex
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21
Q

what 2 medication calsses cause long QT syndrome

A
  • macrolides

- TCA

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22
Q

narrow SVT you treat with what 2

A
  • Vagal

- adonosine

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23
Q

how do tx wide complex tach

A

amiodrone

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24
Q

how do you tx wolff parkinson white

A

procanimide

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25
what is the epi shock epi arrthmia
PEA
26
how do you tx unstable VT with a pulse
cardiovertion
27
how do you tx unstable VT no pulse
unsechnriszed cardiovertion
28
what is the MC cause of CAD
athersclerosis
29
what class of angina is the best
stage I
30
what are the three anginal equilivnats
- epigastic - shoulder - dyspnea
31
what are the 4 indications for CABG
- ED < 40 - 3 vessel disease - LAD - stenosis > 70%
32
what is the MCC of an MI
athersclerosis
33
what are the 4 EKG progressions for an MI
- Peaked T waves - ST elevation - Q waves - T wave invertion
34
what are thee non MI reasons for elevated troponisns
- renal failure - heart failure - PE
35
who gets CCB with an MI
cocaine induced MI
36
what are the 6 parts to treating acute MI
- asprin - nitro - heperin - BB - ace - reperfuion
37
what are the three meds you will use in systolic HF
- ace - diurteic - BB
38
what are the two main causes of pericarditis
- idiopathic | - enterovirius (coxachkie)
39
ST elevation in V1- V6
pericarditis
40
do people have a fever with pericarditis
yes
41
what are the two meidcations used to treat pericarditis
- NSAIDS | - colchicine
42
what is becks triad
- muffled heart sounds - JVD - hypotension
43
what is becks triad associated with
cardiac tamponade
44
what is the tx for tampanode
- pericardiocentesis
45
what is a pericardial knock associated with
constrictive pericarditis
46
what are the two medications used in hypertensive emergency
clonidine | lebetalol
47
how fast do you lower BP
25% in 24 hours
48
what are the thee medications for PAD
- cliostazole - aspirin - clopedogril (plavix)
49
what is the MC RF for a AAA
athersclerosis
50
AAA | 4-4.5
monitor every 6 months
51
AAA | 3.0 -4.0
monitor every year
52
AAA | >4.5
vascular surgon
53
sudden onset tearing backpain
aortic dissection
54
what is the highest RF for aortic disection
HTN
55
what is teh CXR finding for aortic disection
widendened midiastinum
56
what is the murmur with new aortic dissection
aortic regurg
57
what is the first test for aortic dissection
CT
58
what are the 4 types of shock
- hypovolemic - carcinogenic - obstructive - distributive
59
what are the worst two symptoms of hypovolic shock
- lethargy | - no urine output
60
what type of shock has increased cap wedge pressure
cardiogenic
61
what type of shock do you not give IV fluids
cardiogenic
62
what are the 4 types of distrubitive shock
- septic - anaphylactic - neurogenic - endocrine
63
what type of shock is the only one that is warm
septic
64
what type of shock is the only one with an increased CO
septic
65
what are the two components of orthostatic HTN
decrease SBP 20 mmhg | Increase in HR 15 BPM
66
what is the sphinter tone with cauda equina
decreased sphinter tone
67
what areas are the MC for costochondritis
ribs 2-5
68
what is the MC organism for osteomyelitis
s aureus
69
what are the two primary routs for osteomyelitis
- acute hematoganous spread (mc kids) | - direct inoculation
70
what is the 2 medications for osteomyelitis
- nafcillin | - vanco
71
what are the 2 MC organisms for septic arthriris
- s aureus | - neisseria gonorrhea
72
septic arthriris tx 2
- nafcillin | - vanco

General Surgery (30 decks)

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