Enzymes - biology - organisation Flashcards
what are enzymes
what are they made of
enzymes are biological catalysts
They are made from proteins and are chains of amino acids
Give 2 reasons why temperature is not an efficient way to speed up a reaction
other chemicals that are not needed will speed up too
higher temperatures is damaging to cells
what did scientists think about enzymes?
what model was this?
scientists thought that the active site would bind perfectly to the substrate
lock and key model
what is the ‘induced fit’?
what is a good example?
this is when the active site is COMPLEMENTARY to the substrate
just like when you put on gloves, the gloves are moulded into the perfect shape for your hands when you put them on. But it wasn’t like that initially.
what is a ‘catalyst’?
a catalyst is the speed up of a reaction without being used up themselves
How can increase the temp cause enzymes to denature?
higher temps mean that the bonds holding the enzymes together will begin to break
Then, the active site will begin to change shape
after about 45 degrees, the active site will not be complementary to the substrate
what does ‘optimum’ mean?
The temp at which enzyme activity is the highest
when does the rate of reaction decrease on the pH graph?
if the pH gets too high or too low
what is the optimum pH for the protease (stomach) enzyme?
2
what is the difference between pH and temp graph?
the enzymes in the pH graph tend to denature slower than the enzymes in the temp graph.
