Endocrinology

Question 1

hyperglycemia

Answer 1

hiperglicemia, excess of sugar in blood

Question 2

hypoglycemia

Answer 2

hipoglicemia, deficient sugar in blood

Question 3

hypercalcemia

Answer 3

hipercalciemia, excess of calcium in blood

Question 4

hypocalcemia

Answer 4

hipocalciemia, deficient calcium in blood

Question 5

diabetes mellitus

Answer 5

diabetes sacarina

Question 6

fasting blood sugar

Answer 6

prueba de glucemia en ayunas

Question 7

polydipsia

Answer 7

polidipsia, abnormal state of increased thirst

Question 8

exophthalmos

Answer 8

exoftalmos or exoftalmia, abnormal protrusion of eyeball due to thyroid disease

Question 9

thyroxine level (T4)

Answer 9

prueba del nivel de tiroxina o tetrayodotironina

Question 10

hyperthyroidism (thyrotoxicosis)

Answer 10

hipertiroidismo, excessive thyroid gland activity

Question 11

hypothyroidism

Answer 11

hipotiroidismo, deficient thyroid gland activity

Question 12

Cushing syndrome

Answer 12

síndrome de Cushing, increased production of cortisol causes abnormally pigmented skin, moon face, pads of fat, fat on upper back, wasting away muscle

Question 13

hyperkalemia

Answer 13

hiperpotasiemia, excess of potassium in blood

Question 14

hypokalemia

Answer 14

hipopotasiemia, deficient potassium in blood

Question 15

hyponatremia

Answer 15

hiponatremia, deficient sodium in blood

Question 16

thyroiditis

Answer 16

tiroiditis, inflammation of thyroid

Question 17

adenectomy

Answer 17

adenectomía, excision of gland

Question 18

thyroidectomy

Answer 18

tiroidectomía, excision of thyroid gland

Question 19

adrenalectomy

Answer 19

suprarrenalectomía, excision of one or both adrenal glands

Question 20

Graves disease

Answer 20

enfermedad de Graves-Basedow, disorder of thyroid gland that causes hyperthyroidism, goiter & exophthalmos

Question 21

Diabetic acidosis AKA diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)

Answer 21

Develops when acidic substances known as ketone bodies, build up in the body. This occurs with uncontrolled type 1 diabetes

Question 22

dwarfism

Answer 22

adult stature of less than 4’10”. due to more than 200 different medical conditions. achondroplasia is most common, followed by pituitary dwarfism–growth hormone deficiency

Question 23

gigantism

Answer 23

massive growth before growth plates have closed. abnormality in pituitary gland resulting in over-production of HGH

Question 24

acromegaly

Answer 24

developing big hands, feet, chin and nose in adulthood. caused by excessive HGH

Question 25

central diabetes insipidus

Answer 25

pituitary gland does not produce enough ADH, so body cannot retain enough sodium and water

Question 26

cretinism

Answer 26

sever hypothryoidism in young children, causing combination of growth failure and mental retardation. can be related to autoimmune disease

Question 27

hypoparathyroidism

Answer 27

underactive parathyroid gland. muscle twitches, spasms, convulsion, abdominal pain, cataracts

Question 28

hyperparathyroidism

Answer 28

overactive parathyoid gland. high blood calcium levels, unspecific symptoms

Question 29

Addison’s disease

Answer 29

type of adrenal gland failure. adrenal glands don’t produce enough steroid hormones

Question 30

test strip

Answer 30

tira reactiva, tira de ensayo

Question 31

lancet

Answer 31

lanceta

Question 32

alcohol prep pad

Answer 32

almohadilla de alcohol

Question 33

test strip

Answer 33

tira reactiva, tira de ensayo

Question 34

lancet

Answer 34

lanceta