Endocrine Flashcards
Somatostatin analog used for acromegaly, pituitary adenoma, and variceal bleeding
Octreotide
GnRH analog for ovarian suppression, endometriosis, myoma uteri
Can cause temporary exacerbation of precocious puberty or prostate CA
Leuprolide
GnRH antagonist to prevent premature LH surge during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation
Ganirelix
Dopamine agonist used for hyperprolactinemia
Bromocriptine
ADH antagonist used for SIADH
Conivaptan
Levothyroxine’s effect for hypothyroidism can be seen how many weeks after therapy?
6-8 weeks
Medical emergency representing the end state of untreated hypothyroidism
Myxedema coma
Inhibits peripheral conversion of T4-T3
PTU
Drug of choice for hyperthyroid pregnant patients
PTU
Thioamide that blocks iodine organification
Methimazole
Prenatal exposure to methimazole can cause
Aplasia cutis congenita
Symptoms preceding agranulocytosis
Sore throat
Fever
Prevents radiation induced thyroid damage
Potassium iodide
Lugol’s solution
Ingestion of iodine causes hypothyroidism
Wolf Chaikoff effect
Ingestion of iodine causes hyperthyroidism
Jod Basedow phenomenon
Beta blocker that inhibits peripheral conversion of T4 to T3
Propranolol
Anti arrhythmic that can cause thyroid disease
Amiodarone
Mineralocorticoid used for addison disease, CAH and adrenal replacement therapy
Fludrocortisone
Deoxycorticosterone
Glucocorticoid synthesis inhibitor that inhibits desmolase blocking conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone
Used for breast cancer and cushing syndrome
Abused by body builders
Aminoglutethimide
Glucocorticoid synthesis inhibitor and an azole antifungal
Ketoconazole
Drug of choice for pregnant patients with Cushing
Metyrapone
Synthetic estrogen used for atrophic vaginitis
Can have clear cell vaginal adenocarcinoma in daughters of mothers who took this drug
Diethylstilbestrol
Activates progesterone receptors
For HRT and contraception
Prevents estrogen induced endometrial cancer
Norgestrel
Progestin used as appetite stimulant
Megestrol
Selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) that is used for hormone sensitive breast cancer
Tamoxifen
Tamoxifen reduces the risk for what type of cancer?
Endometrial
SERM that has estrogen agonist effects in liver and bone
Used in osteoporosis
Raloxifene
SERM used for induction of ovulation
Can cause multiple pregnancy
Clomiphene
Estrogen synthesis inhibitor by inhibiting aromatase
Used for breast cancer and precocious puberty
Anastrozole
Letrozole
Exemestane
Ovarian inhibitor, partial agonist of progestin and androgen receptors
Used for endometriosis, fibrocystic disease
Can cause weight gain, acne, hirsutism
Danazol
Androgen antagonist for prostate cancer and surgical castration
Flutamide
Bicalutamide
Nilutamide
Early morning hyperglycemia:
When the evening dose of intermediate insulin is high, hypoglycemia develops around 3am
Counter regulatory hormones are produced resulting to hyperglycemia pre breakfast
Somogyi effect
Treatment for somogyi effect
Decrease dose of evening insulin
Early morning hyperglycemia:
When the evening dose of intermediate insulin is low, hyperglycemia both at 3am and 7am
Insulin waning
Treatment for waning of insulin dose
Increase dose of evening insulin
Early morning hyperglycemia:
Insulin sensitivity becomes low between 6 and 7 am due to growth hormone spike
Mild hypoglycemia in the morning but 3am glucose is normal
Dawn phenomenon
Most physiologic strategy in insulin therapy
Basal bolus
Secretion of PTH is dependent on the concentration of this ion in the blood
Free ionized calcium
