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Autonomics Flashcards

1
Q

Sympathetic effect on blood vessels of the skin

A

Constriction

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2
Q

Sympathetic effect on skeletal blood vessels

A

Vasodilation

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3
Q

Sympathetic effect on GIT and bladder wall

A

Relaxation

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4
Q

Sympathetic effect on GIT and bladder sphincter

A

Contraction

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5
Q

B1 receptors are found in

A

Heart and kidneys

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6
Q

D1 receptors are found in

A

Renal splanchnic

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7
Q

D2 and D3 receptors are found in

A

CNS

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8
Q

Thoracolumbar

A

CNS

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9
Q

Craniosacral

A

Peripheral

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10
Q

Long preganglionic nerve

A

Parasympathetic

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11
Q

Effect of sympathetic response on uterus

A

Both contraction and relaxation

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12
Q

Primary transmitter at the somatic skeletal muscle NMJ

A

Acetylcholine

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13
Q

Acetylcholine is synthesized from acetyl CoA and choline by what enzyme

A

Choline acetyltransferase

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14
Q

Choline transport is inhibited by

A

Hemicholinuim

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15
Q

Ach is transported into vesicle and inhibited by

A

Vesamicol

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16
Q

This alters synaptobrevins to prevent release of Ach

A

Botulinum toxin

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17
Q

Inhibits action of acetylcholinesterase

A

Neostigmine
Carbamates
Organophosphates

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18
Q

Cholinomimetic that activates M receptors and is used for bowel and bladder atony

A

Betanechol

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19
Q

M3 selective muscarinic drug that is found in ciliary muscle and salivary glands

Used in glaucoma

A

Pilocarpine

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20
Q

Triad of Sjogren syndrome

A

Xerostomia
Xerophthalmia
Rheumatoid arthritis

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21
Q

Activates nicotinic Ach receptors and used for smoking cessation

A

Varenicline

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22
Q

MOA of indirect acting cholinomimetics

A

Bind to cholinesterase and undergo hydrolysis

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23
Q

Indirect acting cholinomimetic used for the DIAGNOSIS of myasthenia gravis

A

Edrophonium

Neostigmine

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24
Q

Used for reversal of nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockade

A

Neostigmine

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25
Indirect cholinomimetic used for glaucoma
Physostigmine Echothiophate Demecarium
26
Neostigmine muscarinic effects are blocked by
Atropine
27
Acute worsening of symptoms due to infection, stress or UNDERmedication
Myasthenic crisis
28
Excessive activation of cholinoceptors due to overstimulation
Cholinergic crisis
29
Signs of cholinergic crisis
Skeletal muscle weakness and parasympathetic signs
30
Galantamine Donezepil Tacrine
Rivastigmine
31
Indirect acting cholinomimetic used in alzheimers disease
Rivastigmine
32
Organophosphate poisoning DUMBBELSS
``` Diarrhea Urination Miosis Bronchospasm Bradycardia Excitation (skeletalcms and CNS) Emesis Lacrimation Sweating Salivation ```
33
Antidote for organophosphate poisoning
Atropine
34
Cholinergic antagonist that competitively blocks all muscarinic receptors
Atropine
35
Cholinergic antagonist notorius for causing hyperthermia
Atropine
36
Cholinesterase regenerator
Pralidoxime
37
Binds phosphorus of organophosphates and breaks bonds with cholinesterase
Pralidoxime
38
Pralidoxime must be administered before ____ of organophosphate poisoning
6-8 hours
39
Cholinergic muscarinic antagonist that is used for Parkinson's disease
Benztropine Biperiden Trihexyphenidyl
40
Benztropine reduces more ___ than bradykinesia or rigidity
Tremors
41
Muscarinic antagonists for Parkinsonism TRI to park your Benz, BIP here
Trihexyphenidyl Benztropine Biperiden
42
Cholinergic antagonist that blocks muscarinic receptors in bronchial smooth muscle
Ipratropium | Tiotropium
43
More effective cholinergic antagonist more effective in COPD and heart disease
Ipratropium | Tiotropium
44
Cholinergic antagonist that antagonizes histamine and serotonin
Scopolamine
45
Cholinergic antagonist that blocks M3 receptors Used in IBS
Hyoscyamine Glycopyrrolate Dicyclomine
46
Cholinergic antagonist that has increased IOP as side effect
Dicyclomine and Oxybutynin
47
Cholinergic antagonist that reduces detrusor muscle tone and used for urge incontinence
Oxybutynin
48
Atropine Toxicity
``` Hot as a hare Dry as a bone Red as a beet Blind as a bat Mad as a hatter ```
49
Contraindications to muscarinic blockers
Infants Angle closure glaucoma BPH
50
First succesful agents for the treatment of hypertension
Ganglion blockers
51
Competitive pharma antagonists at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
Hexamethonium Trimethaphan Mecamylamine (Ganglion Blockers)
52
Primary neurotransmitter at the sympathetic postganglionic neuron-effector cell synapses in most tissues
Norepinephrine
53
Nonselective MAOI for depression TIP
Tranylcypromine Isocarboxazid Phenelzine
54
Inactivating enzymes for catecholamines
MAO | COMT
55
MAO A or MAO B: | Norepinephrine and Epinephrine?
MAO A
56
MAO A or MAO B: | Dopamine?
MAO B
57
Tyrosine is hydroxylated by _____________to DOPA
Tyrosine hydroxylase
58
Tyrosine hydroxylase is inhibited by this drug
Metyrosine
59
Vesicular transport of norepinephrine and dopamine is inhibited by
Reserpine
60
This drug prevents entry of calcium that promotes release of norepinephrine
Guanethidine
61
Release of norepinephrine is promoted by
Amphetamine | Tyramine
62
Diffusion and reuptake of norepinephrine is blocked by
Cocaine and TCA
63
Diffusion and reuptake of NE is promoted by
MAOI and COMT inhibitors
64
Effect of alpha 2 receptors on platelets
Aggregation
65
Effect of B1 in kidneys
Release renin
66
Nonselective beta agonist used for asthma
Isoproterenol
67
Alpha 1 selective agonist used as nasal decongestant, mydriatic
``` Phenylephrine Tetrahydrozoline Xylometazoline Midodrine Naphazoline ```
68
Side effect of phenylephrine
Rebound nasal congestion | Rhinitis medicamentosa
69
Generic side effect of alpha 2 agonists
Sedation
70
Alpha 2 selective agonist that is used for hypertension
Clonidine
71
Used to treat rebound HTN in clonidine
Phentolamine
72
``` Other names: Guanfacibe Guanabenz Dexmedetomidine Tizanidine ```
Methydopa
73
Known side effect of methyldopa
Hemolytic anemia (positive coombs test)
74
Alpha 2 selective used to treat galucoma by decreasing secretion of aqueous humor
Apraclonidine | Brimonidine
75
Beta 2 selective agonist used as tocolysis for preterm labor
Terbutaline | Ritodrine
76
Cardioselective B1 blockers NBEAM
``` Nebivolol Betaxolol Esmolol Atenolol, Alprenolol, Acebutalol Metoprolol ```
77
IRREVERSIBLY blocks alpha receptors Used for pheochromocytoma
Phenoxybenzamine
78
drug used for pheochromocytoma that REVERSIBLY blocks alpha receptors
Phentolamine | Tolazoline
79
Most selective alpha 1 selective antagonist used for prostatic smooth muscle
Tamsulosin
80
Pharmacologic advantage of alpha 1 selectivity?
Less severe and less commin reflec tachycardia
81
Used for pheochromocytoma that has combined alpha and beta blockade
Carvedilol and labetalol
82
Beta blockers with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity ISA PA
Pindolol Acebutolol ``` -------- Carteolol Bopindolol Oxprenolol Celiprolol Penbutolol ```
83
Beta blockers with NO local anesthetic activity
Timolol | Betaxolol
84
Longest half life beta blocker
Nadolol
85
Shortest half life beta blocker
Esmolol

Pharma (15 decks)

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