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Pharma > Antibiotics, Fungal, Protozoal, Helminths > Flashcards

Antibiotics, Fungal, Protozoal, Helminths Flashcards

1
Q

Lowest concentration of antimicrobial drug capable of inhibiting growth of an organism

A

Minimum inhibitory concentration

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2
Q

Beta lactam antibiotics bind to penicillin binding proteins in the cytoplasmic membrane and inhibits what type of reaction?

A

Transpeptidation reaction

Cross linking

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3
Q

What bacteria induces penicillin resistance by enzymatic hydrolysis of beta lactam ring by formation of beta lactamases?

A

Staph aureus

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4
Q

What bacteria induces penicillin resistance by structural change in the target PBP?

A

MRSA
Pneumococci
Enterococci

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5
Q

What bacteria induces penicillin resistance by changing porin structures in the outer cell wall?

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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6
Q

Ampicillin may be used in infections due to

HELPS Me

A 
H influenzae
E coli, enterococci
Listeria
Proteus
Salmonella 
Moraxella
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7
Q

What type of penicillin is resistant to inactivation by beta lactamases?

A

Isoxazolyl penicillin

Anti -staphylococcal

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8
Q

Ampicillin has synergystic effect when given with

A

Aminoglycosides

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9
Q

Antipseudomonal penicillins

A

Takes Care of Pseudomonas
Ticarcillin
Carbenicillin
Piperacillin

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10
Q

Beta lactamase resistant antibiotics

A

Isoxazolyl penicillin
4th gen cephalosporins
Monobactams

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11
Q

Covered by first generation cephalosporins

A

PEcKs first

Proteus
E coli
Klebsiella

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12
Q

2nd generation cephalosporins have added coverage for infections due to

A

HEN
Haemophilus
Enterobacter
Neisseria

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13
Q

Cephalosporin that can cause disulfiram reaction

A

2nd- cefotetan, cefamandole

3rd- cefoperazone

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14
Q

Inhibits renal metabolism of imipinem by dihydropeptidase

A

Cilastin

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15
Q

Monobactam that has no activity against gram positive bacteria
Resistant to beta lactamase

A

Aztreonam

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16
Q

Suicide inhibitors

A

Clavulanic acid
Sulbactam
Tazobactam

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17
Q

Drugs of Last resort

A 
I AM your Last Shot at Victory
Imipinem
Amikacin
Meropenem
Linezolid
Streptogramins
Vanco
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18
Q

Inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to D-ala D- ala terminus of nascent peptidoglycan

A

Vancomycin

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19
Q

Can cause red man syndrome

A

Vancomycin

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20
Q

Used for pseudomembranous colitis

A

Vancomycin

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21
Q

Used for uncomplicated UTI, safe for pregnant patients

Inactivates UDP N acetylglucosamine 3 enol pyruvyltransferase

A

Fosfomycin

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22
Q

Bacteriostatic drug that inhibits transpeptidation at 50s subunit

For meningitis
Can cause aplastic anemia
Gray baby syndrome

A

Chloramphenicol

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23
Q

Most potent tetracycline

A

Minocycline

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24
Q

Tetracycline that has broadest spectrum and least resistance

A

Tigecycline

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25
Q 
Antibiotic for
Mycoplasma
Chlamydia
Rickettsia 
Vibrio
A

Tetracyclines

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26
Q

Bacteriostatic, binds to 50s subunit
Hepatotoxic
Can be used for CAP, diphtheria, chlamydia

A

Macrolides

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27
Q

All macrolides inhibit CYP450 except

A

Azithromycin

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28
Q

Macrolide used for macrolide resistance

A

Telithromycin

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29
Q

Antibiotic for anaerobic infections above the diaphragm

A

Clindamycin

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30
Q

Antibiotic for anaerobic infections below the diaphragm

A

Metronidazole

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31
Q

Narrowest therapeutic window among aminoglycosides

A

Amikacin

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32
Q

Most vestibulotoxic and nephrotoxic aminoglycosides

A

Tobramycin

Gentamycin

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33
Q

Aminoglycoside used for bowel prep, hepatic enceph, skin infections

A

Neomycin(topical)
Kanamycin
Paromomycin

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34
Q

Most ototoxic aminoglycoside

A

Kamamycin

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35
Q

Aminoglycoside for drug resistant gonorrhea

A

Spectinomycin

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36
Q

Sulfonamide that inhibits dihydropteroate synthase and used for burn infection

A

Silver sulfadiazine

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37
Q

Co-trimoxazole inhibits these enzymes

A

Dihydropteroate synthase

Dihydrofolate reductase

38
Q

This class of antibiotics may damage growing cartilage and cause arthropathy in people <18 years old

A

Quinolones

39
Q

Fluoroquinolone used for UTI, GIT infections, atypical pneumonia

Can cause tendonitis and tendon rupture

A

Ciprofloxacin

40
Q

Widest spectrum of activity among fluoroquinolones

A

4th gen
Trovafloxacin
Alatrofloxacin

41
Q

Prevent neurotoxicity of Isoniazid by administering with

A

Pyridoxine

42
Q

Most hepatotoxic anti TB drug

A

Pyrazinamide

43
Q

Sterilizing anti TB drug

A

Pyrazinamide

44
Q

Anti TB drug that can cause hyperuricemia

A

Pyrazinamide

45
Q

Ethambutol can cause this type of color blindness

A

Red green color

46
Q

Antimycobacterial that inhibits folic acid synthesis

A

Dapsone

47
Q

Most active drug against M.leprae

A

Dapsone

48
Q

Drug for leprosy that can cause red orange skin

A

Clofazimine

49
Q

Antifungal that binds to ergosterol in fungal cell membrane, forming artificial pores

For systemic fungal infections
Nephrotoxic

A

Amphotericin B

50
Q

Antifungal that inhibits thymidilate synthase

Used for cryptococcosis, systemic candidal infections
Has selective toxicity
Synergistic with amphotericin

A

Flucytosine

51
Q

Antifungal that blocks ergosterol synthesis

For chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, dermatophytosis

Can cause gynecomastia, limited to topical use

A

Ketoconazole

52
Q

Azole antifungal that has good CNS penetrability

A

Fluconazole

53
Q

Azole antifungal that is used for blastomycosis, sporothricosis, dermatophytosis

More selective for fungal cells than ketoconazole

A

Itraconazole

54
Q

Echinocandin antifungal that inhibits beta glucan synthase

Used for disseminated and mucocutaneous candidaliasis
Salvage therapy for invasive aspergillosis

A

Caspofungin

55
Q

Systemic antifungal for dermatophytosis

Accumulates in keratin
Contraindicated in porphyria

A

Griseofulvin

56
Q

Squalene oxidase inhibitor antifungal for dermatophytosis and onychomycosis

Accumulates in keratin

A

Terbinafine

57
Q

Polyene topical antifungal for candidiasis

Swish and swallow preparation

A

Nystatin

58
Q

Azole topical antifungal for mucocutaneous candidiasis
Seborrheic dermatitis
Pityriasis versicolor

A

Clotrimazole

59
Q

Anti viral used for herpes

A

Acyclovir

60
Q

Acyclovir works if activated by the viral _______ ________

A

Thymidine kinase

61
Q

Antiviral for CMV

A

Ganciclovir

62
Q

Antiviral that is active against HSV strains with absent thymidine kinase activity

A

Cifodovir

Foscarnet

63
Q

NRTI used to prevent maternal-fetal HIV transmission

A 
Zidovudine
Lamivudine
Abacavir
Didanosine
Emtricitabine
Tenofovir
64
Q

Non nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

A

DENR
Delavirdine
Efavirenz
Nevirapin

65
Q

Protease inhibitor that inhibits viral protein processing

Can cause hyperlipidemia
Fat redistribution
Acanthosis nigricans
Hyperglycemia

A

Indinavir and family of -navir

66
Q

Antiviral for influenza A
Virtually obsolete
Also used for Parkinsonism

A

Amantadine

67
Q

Oseltamivir inhibits this enzyme

A

Neuraminidase

68
Q

Hepa B antiviral that inhibits HBV DNA polymerase

A

Lamivudine

69
Q

Coinfection of HBV and HIV may increase the risk of this disease with lamivudine use

A

Pancreatitis

70
Q

Antimalarial used for chemoprophylaxis

A

Mefloquine

71
Q

Anti malarial that eradicates hypnozoites in the liver preventing relapse

A

Primaquine

72
Q

Antimalarial that can cause cinchonim

A

Quinine

73
Q

Antimalarial for chloroquine resistance and severe falciparum malaria

Cardiotoxicity

A

Halofantrine

Lumefantrine

74
Q

DOC in Philippines for uncomplicated falciparum malaria

A

Co-Artem

75
Q

Drug of choice for asymptomatic cyst carrier for E. histolytica

A

Diloxanide Furoate

76
Q

Backup drug for severe intestinal and extraintestinal amebiasis

A

Emetine

77
Q

Drug of choice for cryptosporidiosis

A

Nitazoxanide

78
Q

Drug of choice for toxoplasmosis

A

Pyrimethamine-Sulfadiazine

79
Q

Drug of choice for African sleeping sickness

A

Melarsoprol

80
Q

Drug of choice for advanced West African sleeping sickness

A

Eflornithine

81
Q

Drug of choice for Chagas disease

A

Nifurtimox

82
Q

Nifurtimox inhibits this enzyme

A

Trypanothione reductase

83
Q

Drug of choice for Leishmaniasis

A

Sodium stibogluconate
Meglumine antimonate
Amphotericin
Miltefosine

84
Q

Antihelmintic that inhibits microtubule assembly
Larvicidal and ovicidal

Drug of choice for ascariasis

A

Albendazole

85
Q

Ovicidal antihelminthic

Drug of choice for trichuris trichiura (whipworm)

A

Mebendazole

86
Q

Ovicidal antihelmintic

Drug of choice for trichinosis

A

Thiabendazole

87
Q

Drug of choice for filiariasis

A

Diethlycarbamazine

88
Q

Antihelminthic thay intensifies GABA mediated neurotransmission in nematodes

Drug of choice for strongyloides

A

Ivermectin

89
Q

Can cause Mazzotii reaction

A

DEC

Ivermectin

90
Q

Drug of choice for pinworm and hookworm

Stimulates nicotinic receptors at NMJ of nematodes

A

Pyrantel pamoate

91
Q

Antihelminthic that increases membrane permeability to calcium that causes paralysis

Drug of choice for trematodes and cestodes

A

Praziquantel

Pharma (15 decks)

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