Cardiac Flashcards
1
Q
Inhibits Na-Cl transporter in the distal convoluted tubule
Moderate diuresis and reduced excretion of calcium
A
Hydrochlorothiazide
Chorthalidone
Indapamide
Metolazone
2
Q
Side effects of thiazides
A
Hyper GLUC Glycemia Lipidemia Uricemia Calcemia
3
Q
Inhibits Na-K-2Cl transporter in the thick ascending loop of Henle
A
Furosemide
Bumetanide
Torsemide
Ethacrynic acid
4
Q
DOC for acute heart failure
A
Furosemide
5
Q
Sympathetic outflow blocker that activates a2 adrenergic receptors to decrease sympathetic outflow
A
Clonidine
6
Q
Clonidine must be tapered before discontinuing to avoid
A
Rebound hypertension
7
Q
Antidote for Clonidine
A
Phentolamine
8
Q
Sympathetic outflow blocker used for preeclampsia
A
Methyldopa
Guanabenz
Guanfacine
9
Q
Side effects of Methyldopa
A
Sedation
Hemolytic anemia
Positce Coombs test
10
Q
Ganglion blocker that competitively blocks Nn nicotinic Ach receptors
A
Hexamethonium
Trimethaphan
Mecamylamine
11
Q
Nerve terminal blocker that irreversibly blocks the vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT) of NE
Used for hypertension (obsolete)
A
Reserpine
12
Q
Side effect of reserpine
A
Suicidal ideation
Rebound suicide
13
Q
Nerve terminal blocker that inhibits vesicular release of NE from the presynaptic neuron
Used for hypertension (obsolete)
A
Guanethidine
Guanadrel
14
Q
Alpha 1 selective antagonist for BPH and hypertension
A
Prazosin
Doxazosin, terazosin, tamsulosin, silodosin, alfuzosin
15
Q
Side effect of alpha 1 selective antagonist
A
1st dose orthostatic hypotension
16
Q
Alpha 1 blocker most selective for prostatic smooth muscle
A
Tamsulosin
17
Q
Which anti hypertensive can cause bronchospasm, erectile dysfunction and mask symptoms of hypoglycemia in diabetics?
A
Beta blockers
18
Q
Which beta blocker has combined alpha and beta blockade that can be used for pheochromocytoma?
A
Carvedilol and Labetalol
19
Q
What drugs are used to control blood pressure in pheochromocytoma?
A
Phentolamine
Phenoxybenzamine
Labetalol
20
Q
Vasodilator that alters intracellular calcium metabolism, relaxes arteriolar smooth muscle, vasodilation and decreased afterload
A
Hydralazine
21
Q
Medications that cause drug induced lupus
A
HIPP to have lupus Hydralazine Isoniazid Procainamide Penicillamine
22
Q
Vasodilator that opens K channels in vascular smooth muscle causing hyperpolarization and muscle relaxation
A
Minoxidil
Diazoxide
23
Q
Side effect of minoxidil that is why it is used for alopecia
A
Hypertrichosis
24
Q
Non dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers
A
Verapamil
Diltiazem
25
Used for supraventricular tachycardia in OPD setting
Verapamil
| Diltiazem
26
Can cause gingival hyperplasia, heart failure, AV block
Diltiazem
| Verapamil
27
Dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker used for angina and HTN
```
Nifedipine
Amlodipine
Isradipine
Clevidipine
Nisoldipine
```
28
Parenteral Vasodilator that relaxes smooth muscle by increasing cGMP
Nitroprusside
29
Which vasodilator can cause cyanide toxicity?
Nitroprusside
30
Dopamine agonist (D1) that causes dilation of afferent and efferent arterioles for 10 mins.
Fenoldopam
31
Drug of choice for chronic heart failure
ACE inhibitors
| ARBs
32
Anti hypertensive that can cause cough, hyperkalemia
Captopril
Enalalril
Benazepril, Fosinopril, Quinapril, Ramipril, Trandolapril, Moexipril
33
Anti hypertensive that slows ventricular remodelling and increases survival in heart failure
ACE inhibitors
34
Anti hypertensive that delays progression of diabetic nephropathy
Renoprotective
ACE inhibitors
| ARBs
35
Why do patients taking ACE and ARBs develop hyperkalemia?
Reduces aldosterone levels that causes potassium retention
36
Renin antagonist that prevents conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin 1
Aliskiren
37
Treatment for malignant hypertension
Vasodilators (nitroprusside, fenoldopam or diazoxide)
Diuretics (furosemide)
Beta blockers
38
Ultra short acting nitrite used for cyanide poisoning
Amyl Nitrite
39
Which portion of the electron transport chain is affected by cyanide?
Complex IV (cytochrome oxidase)
40
Antidote for cyanide poisoning
Inhaled amyl nitire
IV Na nitrite
IV sodium thiosulfate
41
Disease due to exposure to nitrites
| Alternating tolerance and loss of tolerance over the weekend
Monday disease
42
Short acting nitrate that release NO, increases cGMP and relaxes smooth muscle
Nitroglycerin
Isosorbide dinitrate, mono nitrate
Imdur
43
Nitrates can cause dangerous hypotension when given with
PDE inhibitors (sildenafil)
44
Works by inhibiting conversion of cGMP to inactive GMP
Phosphodiesterase inhibitors
45
Nitrates can cause headaches due to
Meningeal blood vessel dilation
46
DOC for prinzmetal angina
Diltiazem
47
Drug that can cause Raynaud
| Phenomenon
Diltiazem
48
Drugs that can cause gingival hyperplasia
Nako Ca Pangit Vera ng gingiva mo
Nifedipine
Cyclosporine
Phenytoin
Verapamil
49
Drug used for angina prophylaxis
Beta blockers
50
Cytoprotective agent, metabolism modifier used for angina, tinnitus, dizziness
Trimetazidine
51
Inhibits beta oxidation of fatty acids by inhibiting thiolase which enhances glucose oxidation. Prevents decrease in ATP in ischemic states
Trimetazidine
52
Metabolism modifier that can cause EPS, gait instability, restless leg syndrome
Interacts with MAO inhibitors
Trimetazidine
53
Metabolism modifier that reduces a late, prolonged Na current in myocardial cells that decreases intracellular Ca and cardiac force
Ranolazine
54
Metabolism modifier that produces QT prolongation
Ranolazine
55
Metabolism modifier that works in the funny Na channel in the SA node that decreases hyperpolarization and heart rate
Ivabradine
56
Cardiac glycoside that inhibits Na-K ATPase and increases cardiac contractility due to increased intracellular Ca
Digoxin
57
Arrhythmogenesis of digoxin can be increased by
Hypokalemia
Hypomagnesemia
Hypocalcemia
58
Cardiac glyoside that has narrow therapeutic index and can cause visual changes
Digoxin
59
Drugs that have narrow therapeutic index
```
WALA na Cyang PaPa VasTeD na
Warfarin
Aminoglycosides
Lithium
Amphotericin B
Carbamazepine
Phenobarbital
Phenytoin
Vancomycin
Theophylline
Digoxin
```
60
Antidote for digitalis toxicity
Lidocaine
61
Beta 1 selective agonists useful in Acute heart failure
Dobutamine
| Dopamine
62
Drugs used for ACUTE heart failure
Furosemide
| Beta agonists and vasodilator (if severe)
63
Drugs used for CHRONIC heart failure
Diuretics(loop and spironolactone)
Plus
ACE inhibitor and beta blocker if tolerated
Digitalis if with prominent systolic dysfunction
64
Phosphodiesterase inhibitors that increase cAMP by inhibiting its breakdown
Increases intracellular Ca and causes vasodilation
Milrinone
| Inamrinone
65
Drugs that have no value in CHF
Calcium channel blockers
66
Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, often displaying waxing and waning QRS amplitude
Associated with long QT syndrome
Torsades de Pointes
67
Class 1 antiarrhythmics
Sodium channel blockers
68
Class 2 antiarrhythmics
Beta blockers
69
Class 3 antiarrhythmics
Potassium channel blockers
70
Class 4 antiarrhythmics
Calcium channel blockers
71
This class of anti arrhythmic have local anesthetic activity and act on phase 0 of the cardiac action potential
Class 1 (Na channel antagonist)
72
Subclass of Class 1 antiarrhythmics that prolong the AP duration
Class 1A
73
Subclass of Class 1 antiarrhythmics that shorten the AP duration
Class 1B
74
Subclass of Class 1 antiarrhythmics that have no effect on the AP duration
Class 1C
75
Least arryhthmogenic among all antiarrhythmics
Class 1
76
Most selective Class 1 anti arrhythmics
Class 1B
77
This class 1 antiarrhythmic has significant effects on sodium channels in ischemic tissue nut negligible effect on normal cells
Class 1B
78
This group of anti arrhythmics slow or block conduction in ischemic and depolarized cells and slow or abolish abnormal pacemakers
Class 1
79
Anti arrhythmic that has class 1A action and can cause refractory arrhythmia
Amiodarone
80
Class 1A anti arrhythmic that is used in arrhythmias following MI
Can cause lupus like syndrome
Procainamide
81
Class 1A anti arrhythmic that has marked anti muscarinic effects and can cause heart failure
Disopyramide
82
Class 1A anti arrhythmic that is also used for malaria
Quinidine
83
Anti arrhythmic that reduces clearance of digoxin
Quinidine
84
Class 1A anti arrhythmic that can cause cinchonism ( headache, vertigo, tinnitus) and autoimmune reactions (ITP)
Quinidine
85
Class 1A anti arrhythmics
I am the Queen who Proclaimed Diso's Pyramid
Quinidine
Procainamide
Disopyramide
86
Treatment for class 1A anti arrhythmic overdose
Sodium Lactate
87
Class 1B anti arrhythmics selectively affects what tissue?
Ischemic or depolarized Purkinje and ventricular tissue
88
DOC for ventricular arrhythmias post MI and digoxin induced arrhythmias
Lidocaine
89
Class 1B anti arrhythmic that can cause agranulocytosis
Tocainide
90
Least cardiotoxic among conventional anti arrhythmics
Lidocaine
91
Drugs that can cause agranulocytosis
```
CCCAPPIT
Clozapine
Co-trimoxazole
Colchicine
Aminopyrine
Phenylbutazone
PTU
Indomethacin
Tocainide
```
92
Class 1B anti arrhythmics
I Buy Mexican Tacos from Lily
Mexiletine
Tocainide
Lidocaine
93
Most proarrhythmogenic class of anti arrhythmics
Class 1C
94
Class 1 anti arrhythmics that can be used for refractory arrhythmias
Flecainide
Propafenone
Encainide
Moricizine
95
Class 1 anti arrhythmics contraindicated for post MI
Class 1C
96
Class 1C anti arrhythmics
Chicken ay Pagkain for Enrico
Propafenone
Flecainide
Encainide
97
Anti arrhythmics used for WPW
Procainamide
| Amiodarone
98
Anti arrhythmic used for all types of arrhythmias and acute phase of MI
Class 1A
99
Class 1 anti arrhythmics used for acute ventricular arrhythmia especially for post M
Atrial arrhythmias due to digitalis
Class 1B
100
Class 1 anti arrhythmic used for refractory arrhythmias
Class 1C
101
Anti arrhythmics that act on phase 4 of the cardiac action potential and causes prolonged PR interval
Class 2
102
Class 1B anti arrhythmic used for acute perioperative and thyrotoxic arrhythmias and SVT
Esmolol
103
Class 3 anti arrhythmic act on which phase of action potential
Phase 3
104
Class of antiarrhythmic that causes prolonged AP duration and can also cause torsades de pointes
Class 3
105
Class 3 anti arrhythmic that is used for treatment and prophylaxis of atrial fibrillation
Dofetilide
| Ibutilide
106
Class 3 anti arrhythmic that also has class 2 effects
Sotalol and Amiodarone
107
Class 3 anti arrhythmic for refractory arrhythmia
Amiodarone
108
Longest half life and most efficacious of all anti arrhythmics
Amiodarone
109
Anti arrhythmic that can cause microcrystalline deposits in cornea and skin, thyroid dysfunction and paresthesia, tremors
Amiodarone
110
Anti arrhythmic that cause a state and use dependent selective depression of calcium currents
Prolonged PR interval
Class 4
111
Class 4 anti arrhythmics used for supraventricular tachycardia
Verapamil
| Diltiazem
112
Miscellaneous anti arrhythmic that is the DOC for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia
Adenosine
113
Anti arrhythmic that prolongs PR interval
Class 2 and 4
114
Anti arrhythmic that prolongs QT interval
Class 3
115
Anti arrhythmic that prolongs QRS duration
Class 1C
116
Decreased levels of this ion can cause arrhythmia
Potassium
117
Diuretic used for mountain sickness
Acetazolamide
Brinzolamide
Dichlorphenamide
118
Acetazolamide and cause this type of acid base disorder
Normal anion gap metabolic acidosis
Acid-zolamide
119
This drug decreases effect of loop diuretics
NSAIDS
120
Adverse effects associated with loop diuretics
```
OH DANG
Ototoxicity
Hypokalemia
Dehydration
Allgery to sulfa
Nephritis
Gout
```
121
Diuretics used for renal calcium stones
Thiazides
122
Spironolsctone can cause
Gynecomastia
123
Diuretics that are steroid inhibitors of cytoplasmic aldosterone receptors in cortical collecting duct and reduces K excretion
Spironolactone
| Eplerenone
124
Spironolactone can cause this type of acid base disorder
Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis
125
Potassium sparinf diuretic that reduces the progression of DM nephropathy and reduces mortality post MI
Eplerenone
126
Postassium sparing diuretic that inhibits ENaC, reduces Na reabsorption and K excretion
Amiloride
| Triamterene
127
Drugs that have antiandrogenic effects
```
Some Drugs Create Awesome Knockers
Cimetidine
Spironolactone
Ketoconazole
Digoxin
```
128
Major site of action of Mannitol
PCT
129
ADH agonist that activates insertion of aquaporin water channels in collecting tubule and cause vasoconstriction
Desmopressin, Vasopressin
130
ADH antagonist with unknown mechanism that is used for SIADH
Conivaptan, tolvaptan, demeclocyline
131
May occur with rapid correction of hyponatremia
Central pontine myelinosis
