electrolytes

Question 1

most abundant cation in the ECF

a. sodium
b. calcium
c. chloride
d. bicarbonate

Answer 1

sodium
- most abundant cation in the ECF

magnesium

• 4th most abundant cation
• 2nd most abundant ICF

potassium
- major intracellular Cation

Question 2

2nd most abundant anion in ecf

a. sodium
b. potassium
c. bicarbonate
d. phosphate

Answer 2

chloride
- major EXTRACELLULAR anion

bicarbonate
-2nd most abundant Anion in ECF

Phosphate
- IFC anion

Question 3

addison’s disease

a. hypernatremia
b. hyponatremia

Answer 3

sodium

hyponatremia

I. depletional
> renal loss
- use of DIURETICS
- 1* and 2* ADDISONS DISEASE

> Non renal loss
- GI loss (vomitting and diarrhea)

II. dilutional

III. artifactual
hyperlipidemia
hyperproteinemia

Question 4

congestive heart failure

a. hypernatremia
b. hyponatremia

Answer 4

sodium

hyponatremia

I. depletional
> renal loss
> Non renal loss

II. dilutional
  SIADH
  generalizd edema
  congestive heart failure
  cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome
  hyperglycemia

III. artifactual
hyperlipidemia
hyperproteinemia

Question 5

`diabetic insipidus

a. hypernatremia
b. hyponatremia

Answer 5

hypernatremia

I. water loss
GI loss
EXcessive sweating
diabetic insipidus

II. sodium gain
ingestion or IV
hyperALDOSTERONISM
ACUTE RENAL FAILURE

Question 6

regulation of neuromascular excitability, contraction of the heart and ICF volume and hydrogen concentration

a. sodium
b. calcium
c. chloride
d. potassium

Answer 6

potassium

• major INTRACELLULAR CATION
• function : regulation of neuromascular excitability, contraction of the heart and ICF volume and hydrogen concentration

Question 7

ise: valincomycin membrane

a. sodium
b. calcium
c. chloride
d. potassium

Answer 7

potassium methods:

I. Flame emmision
II. AAS
III. ISE (VALINCOMYCIN membrane) - routine
IV. colorimetry (lockhead and purcell)

Question 8

involved in maintaining osmolality, blood volume and electric neutrality

a. sodium
b. calcium
c. chloride
d. potassium

Answer 8

Chloride

• major EXTRACELLULAR anion
• involved in maintaining osmolality, blood volume and electric neutrality

Question 9

schales and schales

a. sodium
b. calcium
c. chloride
d. potassium

Answer 9

Chloride
 methods:
I. Mercurimetric ( Schales and Schales)
II. Whitehorn Titration method
III coulometric amperometric titration  - cotlove chlotidometer
IV.  ISE  - silver polymteric membrane

Question 10

major component of buffering system in the blood

a. sodium
b. calcium
c. chloride
d. bicarbonate

Answer 10

bicarbonate

• 2nd most abundant anion in ECF
• major component of the buffering system in the blood
• diffuse out of the cell in exchange for CL-