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clinical chemistry > carbohydrates II > Flashcards

carbohydrates II Flashcards

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1
Q

a metabolic disorders characterized with hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion , insulin receptor

a. diabetes mellitus
b. reye syndrome
c. pancreatic disorders

A

diabetes mellitus

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2
Q

in severe dm the ratio of beta- hydroxybutyrate to acetoacetate

a. 6:1
b. 1:6
c. 8:1
d. 1:8

A

6:1

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3
Q

___________ develops in DM from excessive synthesis of acetyl -coa

a. polyuria
b. polydipsia
c. ketosis
d. type 1 dm

A

ketosis

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4
Q

insulin resistance

a. type 1 dm
b. type 2 dm

A

pathogenesis

type 1
- beta cells destruction

type 2
- insulin resistance

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5
Q

absolute deficiency of insulin caused by autoimmune attack of beta cells o the pancreas

a. type 1 dm
b, type 2 dm
c. gdm

A

type 1

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6
Q

due to metabolic and hormonal changes

a. type 1 dm
b. type 2 dm
c. gdm

A

gestational dm

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7
Q

ogtt should be performed after an overnight ___________ fast

a. 7-14 hours
b. 6-12 hours
c. 8-14 hours
d. 10-12 hpurs

A

ogtt should be performed after an overnight 8-14 hours fast

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8
Q

before an ogtt is performed individuals should ingest _______ preceding the tests

a. > 125 g of carbs/ day
b. >150 g of carbs per days
c. <140g of carbs per day
d. > 200g of carbs per day

A

before an ogtt is performed individuals should ingest >150g of carbohydrate / day for 3 days preceding the tests

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9
Q

FBG is measured right before the administration of glucose load. a FBG of ____________ necessities that the test be stopped immediately

a. >120mg/dl
b. > 140mg/dl
c. >200mg/dl
d. >100mg/dl

A

FBG is measured right before the administration of glucose load. a FBG of >140mg/dl necessities that the test be stopped immediately

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10
Q

diagnostic test for hypoglycemia

a. 2hr ogtt
b. 5hr ogtt
c. hba1c
d. fructosamine

A

hypoglycemia

  1. 5hr ogtt
  2. 72 hr fasting
    • normal individuals can maintainblood glucose level at normal levels within 3 days
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11
Q

what test is used for detection of GDM

a. glycosylated hemoglobin
b. glycated albumin
c. oral glucose tolerance tests
d. fbs

A

ogtt

use: detection of GDM

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12
Q

fasting glucose in WHOLE BLOOD is ___________ than in serum or plasma

a. 10-15% lower
b. 10-15% higher
c. 8-15% lower
d. 7% higher

A

> fasting glucose in WHOLE BLOOD 10- 15% LOWER than plasma or serum

> VENOUS blood glucose is 7mg/dl LOWER than capillary blood. capillary blood glucose is same with arterial blood

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13
Q

CSF glucose concentrations should be approximately ______of the plasma concentrations

a. 70%
b. 50%
c. 60%
d. 10%

A

CSF glucose concentrations should be approximately 60-70% of the plasma concentrations

pg - 100mg/dl
csf - 60-70 mg/dl

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14
Q

glucose and other carbohydrates are capable of converting cupric ions in alkaline soln to cuprous ions

a. chemical method
b, enzymatic method

A

chemical method

a. Oxidation reduction md
1. alkaline copper reduction md
a. folin wu md
b. nelson somogyi md
c. neocupreine md
d. benedict’s md ( modified folin wu)

  1. alkaline ferric reduction md
    b. condensation md
    ortho- toluidine (dubowski md)
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15
Q

which of the ff md has a principle of reduction of cupric ions to cuprous ion to form cuprous oxide in hot alkaline by glucose

a, alkaline copper reduction md

b. alkaline ferric reduction md
c. condensation md
d. hexokinase md

A

alkaline copper reduction md

principle : cupric ions to cuprous ion forming cuprous oxide by HOT ALKALINE BY GLUCOSE

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16
Q

which of the methods in alkaline copper reducing method uses stabilizing agent citrate or tartrate

a. folin wu
b. neocupreine
c. nelson somogyi
d. benedicts md

A

folin wu
- phosphomolybdate

nelson somogyi
- arsenomolybdate

benedict’s md( modified folin wu)

  • detection and quantitation of reducing subs in body fluids
  • uses citrate or tartrate as stabilizing agent
17
Q

most specific enzyme reacting with only B-D- GLUCOSE

a. hexokinase md
b. glucose oxidase md
c. condensation md
d. folin wu md

A

glucose oxidase md

  • most specific enzyme reacting with only B-D- GLUCOSE
  • reaction can be measured in 2 ways:
    1. COLORIMETRIC METHOD
    2. POLAROGRAPHIC METHOD
18
Q

the hydrogen peroxide is prevented from reforming oxygen by adding

a. molybdate
b. iodide
c. catalase
d. ethanol

A

aotaaaaaa

the hydrogen peroxide is  prevented from reforming oxygen by adding (MICE)
  molybdate
  iodide
  catalase
  ethanol
19
Q

most accurate and reference method

a. hexokinase md
b. glucose oxidase md
c. condensation md
d. folin wu md

A 
hexokinase md
 MORE ACCURATE than  glucose oxidase md
 g6pdh is highly specific
 only  method uses nadph
 reference md
  false (+) in hemolysis

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