Electrolyte shifts

Question 1

Potassium out of cells

Answer 1

1) digitalis
2) hyperOsmolarity
3) insulin deficiency
4) lysis of cell
5) acidosis
6) beta adrenergic antagonist

Patient with hyperkalemia? DO INSULIN LAb work

Question 2

Potassium into the cell

Answer 2

1) hypoosmolarity
2) insulin (increase Na+/K+ ATPase)
3) alkalosis
4) beta adrenergic agonist (increase Na+/K+ ATPase)

Question 3

Symptoms of low sodium

Answer 3

Nausea, malaise, stupor, coma

Question 4

Symptoms of high sodium

Answer 4

Irritability, stupor, coma

Question 5

Symptoms of low potassium

Answer 5

U wave,
Flattened T wave,
arrhythmias,
muscle weakness

Question 6

Symptoms of high potassium

Answer 6

Wide QRS
Peaked T wave on ECG,
arrythmias,
muscle weakness

Question 7

Symptoms of low Ca2+

Answer 7

tetany

seizure

Question 8

Symptoms of high Ca2+

Answer 8

Stones
Bones
Groans
Psychiatric overtones

Question 9

Symptoms of low Mg2+

Answer 9

tetany

seizure

Question 10

Symptoms of high Mg2+

Answer 10

low DTR,
lethargy
bradycardia
hypotension
cardiac arrest
hypocalcemia

Question 11

Symptoms of low Pi

Answer 11

Bone loss,

osteomalacia

Question 12

Symptoms of high Pi

Answer 12

Renal stones,
metastatic calcification
Hypocalcemia