Diuretics: hydrochlorothiazide and K+ sparing

Question 1

Thiazide

Answer 1

Inhibit NaCl reabsorption in early distal tubule, reducing diluting capacity of the nephrone

Decreases Ca2+ excretion

Question 2

Thiazide use

Answer 2

HTN, CHF,
Idiopathic hypercalcinuria,
nephrogenic DI

Question 3

Thiazide toxicity

Answer 3

Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, hyponatremia,

"hyperGLUC"
hyperGlycemia,
hyperLipidemia,
hyperUricemia,
hyperCalcemia

Sulfa allergy

Question 4

K+ sparing diuretics names

Answer 4

Spionolactone,
eplernone
triameterene
amiloride

“The K+ STAys”

Question 5

K+ sparing diuretics

Answer 5

Spironolactone and eplerenone are competitive aldo receptor antagonist in the cortical collecting tubule

Triameterene and amiloride act at the same part of the tubule by blocking Na+ channels in the CCT

Question 6

K+ sparing use

Answer 6

Hyperaldo,
K+ depletion
CHF

Question 7

K+ sparing toxicity

Answer 7

Hyperkalemia (can lead to arrhythmia)
Endocrine effect with spironolactone
(gynecomastia, antiandrogen effect)