Electrolyte Disirders Flashcards

1
Q

How much sodium reabsorbed in proximal tubule

A

65%

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2
Q

Sodium controlled by

A

Renin angiotensin aldosterone system

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3
Q

Water controlled by

A

Osmolality/ vasopressin

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4
Q

Effects of ECF volume depletion

Cardiovascular

A

Tachycardia

Hypertension

Vasoconstriction

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5
Q

Effects of ECF volume depletion (renal effects)

A

Inc reabsorption of NA

Oliguria

Inc urea reabsorption

GFR maintained initially then decreases

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6
Q

Causes of water loss inc loss

A

Kidney

Diabetes insipudus

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7
Q

Hypernatraemia is

A

High level of sodium (145 mEq/L) +

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8
Q

Hypernatraemia water goes from ? To ?

A

Icf to ECF

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9
Q

Clinical manifestations if hypernatraemia

A

Thirst
Legarthy

Neurological dysfunction due to dehydration

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10
Q

Treatment of hypernatraemia

A

Dextrose based IV fluid
Oral solutions preferable
Desmopressin for diabetes insipidus

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11
Q

Hyponatraemia is

A

NA < 135 mol/lt

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12
Q

Hyponatraemia assosicayed with

A

Low osmolality

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13
Q

Hypovolaemia is

A

Loss of water

ECF volume decrease

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14
Q

Clinical symptoms of hyponatraemia

A

Neurological symptoms
◦ Lethargy, headache, confusion, apprehension, depressed
reflexes, seizures and coma

Muscle symptoms
◦ Cramps, weakness, fatigue 

Gastrointestinal symptoms

Nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and diarrhea

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15
Q

Hyponatraemia treatment

A

Hypertonic saline for severe hyponatraemia and neurological symptoms

IV NS in hypovolaemic patients

SIADH: fluid restriction, salt tablets, diuretics, tolvaptan

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16
Q

Potassium is mainly

A

Intracellular

17
Q

Potassium excreted where

A

Urine

18
Q

Movement of potassium decided by?

A

Ph

19
Q

Principle cells do what

A

Excrete potassium in exchange for sodium

20
Q

Intercalated cells

A

Reabsorption potassium in exchange for hydrogen