Education- Postmodern and liberal

Question 1

Liberal: What is endogenous privatisation?

Answer 1

-Involves the establishment of a market in education
-Schools are privatised from within

Question 2

Liberal: How is endogenous privatisation used in education?

Answer 2

-Marketisation
-Making schools compete for students
-Giving parents choices
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Question 3

Liberal: How does the 1988 Education Act allow for endogenous privatisation?

Answer 3

-League tables
-Ofsted
-Formula funding

Question 4

Liberal: What is exogenous privatisation?

Answer 4

-Direct and actual privatisation with academies and free schools run by private corporations/companies/trusts and boards rather than by the government

Question 5

What do Ball and Youdell argue?

Answer 5

-Identified endogenous and exogenous privatisation in the UK education system
-The impact of marketisation policies has led to schools operating increasingly in the manner of private companies
-Parents are increasingly like consumers

Question 6

What are the disadvantages of endogenous privatisation?

Answer 6

-Selecting higher ability students who gain the best results and cost less to teach
-Better-performing schools getting better and the lower-performing schools getting worse (polarization)
-Better schools would exclude any students who were naughty to keep their results high.

Question 7

How have today’s policy counteracted endogenous privatisation?

Answer 7

-Modify League Tables so they now show ‘value added’ – what a school adds to a student’s ability based on where they started, rather than ‘pure grades
-Linked funding to how long a student stays in school to try and cut down on exclusions.
-The Pupil Premium also encouraged schools to take on higher numbers of disadvantaged students who typically have lower academic performance by linking more funding to those students

Question 8

Give an example of exogenous privatisation in today’s education system

Answer 8

-Companies such as Pearsons play a more central role in producing textbooks and running GCSE and A-level exams

Question 9

What is meant by top-down performing management?

Answer 9

-More surveillance of teachers and pupils
-Failing schools taken over by academics

Question 10

What is meant by increased choice?

Answer 10

-More school types
-Academies
-Free schools
-Personalisation of learning

Question 11

What do Usher et al argue?

Answer 11

-The education system is changing to reflect changes in society
-State schools are focusing on the individual’s learning styles
-Schools focus on the role of technology
-Increasing number of different types of schools

Question 12

What is education influenced by? Give an example of this

Answer 12

-Globalisation
- Program for International Student Assessment (PISA)