ECare - Chapter 7 (Ventilation, Perfusion, & Shock: Understanding Pathophysiology) Flashcards

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1
Q

pathophysiology

A

study of how disease processes affect the function of the body

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2
Q

metabolism

A

cellular function of converting nutrients into energy (ex. glucose into ATP)

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3
Q

electrolytes

A

substance that separates into charges particles when dissolved

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4
Q

alveoli

A

place where exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide with the blood happens

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5
Q

perfusion

A

delivery of oxygenated blood from body cells and removal of wastes

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6
Q

patent

A

open and clear

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7
Q

tidal volume

A

volume of air moved in one cycle of breathing

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8
Q

minute volume

A

amount of air breathed in during each respiration multiplied by the number of breaths /min

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9
Q

dead air space

A

air that occupies space between the mouth and alveoli but doesn’t reach area of gas exchange

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10
Q

medulla oblongata

A

associated with respiratory function

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11
Q

pleural space

A

space between lung tissue and chest wall

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12
Q

plasma oncotic pressure

A

the pull exerted by large proteins in plasma that pulls water from the body into the bloodstream

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13
Q

hydrostatic pressure

A

pressure within a blood vessel that pushes water out of the vessel

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14
Q

capillaries (heart)

A

oxygen is off-loaded and carbon dioxide is picked up from cells of the body

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15
Q

capillaries (lungs)

A

deoxygenated blood goes from pulmonary arteries to lungs. arterioles connect with capillaries. carbon dioxide is off-loaded and oxygen is transferred from the air in the alveoli into capillaries

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16
Q

stretch receptors

A

sensors in blood vessels that identify internal pressure

17
Q

systemic vascular resistance (SVR)

A

pressure in the peripheral blood vessels that the heart must overcome to pump blood into the system

18
Q

stroke volume

A

amount of blood ejected from the heart in one contraction

19
Q

cardiac output

A

amount of blood ejected from the heart in one minute (heart rate x stroke volume)

20
Q

V/Q match

A

ventilation/perfusion match

this implies that the alveoli are supplied with enough air and that the air in the alveoli is matched with sufficient blood in the pulmonary capillaries to permit optimum exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide

21
Q

hypovolemic shock

A

low blood volume

22
Q

distributive shock

A

blood vessel tone is lost

23
Q

cardiogenic shock

A

heart fails to pump blood

24
Q

obstructive shock

A

blood is physically prevented to flow

25
Q

compensated shock signs/symptoms

A
mental status change
increased heart rate
increases respiratory rate
delayed capillary refill time
pale skin
26
Q

diaphoresis

A

cool, pale, and moist/sweaty skin; sweating

27
Q

decompensated shock

A

aka hypotensive shock

compensatory mechanisms have failed to sustain perfusion

28
Q

water is divided among three spaces

A

intracellular, interstitial (between cells and blood vessels), and intravascular (in bloodstream)

29
Q

respiratory dysfunction

A

disruption of respiratory control
disruption of pressure
disruption of lung tissue

30
Q

blood dysfunction

A

usually related to volume

31
Q

blood vessel dysfunction

A

loss of tone
excessive permeability
hypertension

32
Q

heart dysfunction

A

mechanical or electrical

33
Q

disruptions of fluid balance

A

fluid loss

poor fluid distribution

34
Q

nervous system dysfunction

A

trauma

medical dysfunction

35
Q

endocrine dysfunction

A

too many hormones

not enough hormones

36
Q

digestive dysfunction

A

gastrointestinal bleeding

vomiting and diarrhea