ECare - Chapter 7 (Ventilation, Perfusion, & Shock: Understanding Pathophysiology)

Question 1

pathophysiology

Answer 1

study of how disease processes affect the function of the body

Question 2

metabolism

Answer 2

cellular function of converting nutrients into energy (ex. glucose into ATP)

Question 3

electrolytes

Answer 3

substance that separates into charges particles when dissolved

Question 4

alveoli

Answer 4

place where exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide with the blood happens

Question 5

perfusion

Answer 5

delivery of oxygenated blood from body cells and removal of wastes

Question 6

patent

Answer 6

open and clear

Question 7

tidal volume

Answer 7

volume of air moved in one cycle of breathing

Question 8

minute volume

Answer 8

amount of air breathed in during each respiration multiplied by the number of breaths /min

Question 9

dead air space

Answer 9

air that occupies space between the mouth and alveoli but doesn’t reach area of gas exchange

Question 10

medulla oblongata

Answer 10

associated with respiratory function

Question 11

pleural space

Answer 11

space between lung tissue and chest wall

Question 12

plasma oncotic pressure

Answer 12

the pull exerted by large proteins in plasma that pulls water from the body into the bloodstream

Question 13

hydrostatic pressure

Answer 13

pressure within a blood vessel that pushes water out of the vessel

Question 14

capillaries (heart)

Answer 14

oxygen is off-loaded and carbon dioxide is picked up from cells of the body

Question 15

capillaries (lungs)

Answer 15

deoxygenated blood goes from pulmonary arteries to lungs. arterioles connect with capillaries. carbon dioxide is off-loaded and oxygen is transferred from the air in the alveoli into capillaries

Question 16

stretch receptors

Answer 16

sensors in blood vessels that identify internal pressure

Question 17

systemic vascular resistance (SVR)

Answer 17

pressure in the peripheral blood vessels that the heart must overcome to pump blood into the system

Question 18

stroke volume

Answer 18

amount of blood ejected from the heart in one contraction

Question 19

cardiac output

Answer 19

amount of blood ejected from the heart in one minute (heart rate x stroke volume)

Question 20

V/Q match

Answer 20

ventilation/perfusion match

this implies that the alveoli are supplied with enough air and that the air in the alveoli is matched with sufficient blood in the pulmonary capillaries to permit optimum exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 21

hypovolemic shock

Answer 21

low blood volume

Question 22

distributive shock

Answer 22

blood vessel tone is lost

Question 23

cardiogenic shock

Answer 23

heart fails to pump blood

Question 24

obstructive shock

Answer 24

blood is physically prevented to flow

Question 25

compensated shock signs/symptoms

Answer 25

``` mental status change increased heart rate increases respiratory rate delayed capillary refill time pale skin ```

Question 26

diaphoresis

Answer 26

cool, pale, and moist/sweaty skin; sweating

Question 27

decompensated shock

Answer 27

aka hypotensive shock compensatory mechanisms have failed to sustain perfusion

Question 28

water is divided among three spaces

Answer 28

intracellular, interstitial (between cells and blood vessels), and intravascular (in bloodstream)

Question 29

respiratory dysfunction

Answer 29

disruption of respiratory control disruption of pressure disruption of lung tissue

Question 30

blood dysfunction

Answer 30

usually related to volume

Question 31

blood vessel dysfunction

Answer 31

loss of tone excessive permeability hypertension

Question 32

heart dysfunction

Answer 32

mechanical or electrical

Question 33

disruptions of fluid balance

Answer 33

fluid loss | poor fluid distribution

Question 34

nervous system dysfunction

Answer 34

trauma | medical dysfunction

Question 35

endocrine dysfunction

Answer 35

too many hormones | not enough hormones

Question 36

digestive dysfunction

Answer 36

gastrointestinal bleeding | vomiting and diarrhea