ECare - Chapter 26 (Soft-Tissue Trauma)

Question 1

types of closed wounds

Answer 1

contusions, hematomas, and crush injuries

Question 2

hematoma

Answer 2

swelling caused by blood under skin/damaged tissues due to injured blood vessel

Question 3

crush injury

Answer 3

force is transmitted from exterior to interior structures. Bones can be broken; muscles, nerves, and tissues damaged, and internal organs ruptured, causing internal bleeding.

Question 4

blast injuries

Answer 4

type of soft-tissue injury associated with rupture of hollow organs

Question 5

Patient Care: Closed Wounds

Answer 5

ABCs, oxygen, manage internal bleeding and shock, splint extremities, cold packs

Question 6

avulsion

Answer 6

tearing away a piece of skin ex. eye/tooth pulled from socket

Question 7

blast wave injuries

Answer 7

primary: pressure wave
secondary: blast wave (debris)
tertiary: patient displacement
quaternary: exposure to hazardous material

Question 8

Patient Care: Open Wounds

Answer 8

1. Expose the wound and clean it
2. control bleeding (direct pressure + elevation)
3. shock and oxygen
4. sterile dressing after bleeding is controlled (except for pressure dressing)
5. patient lays still

Question 9

close-range shootings

Answer 9

look for burns around entry wound

Question 10

patient care: impaled objects

Answer 10

1. expose wound
2. control bleeding by direct pressure around object
3. bulky dressing around object
4. secure dressings
5. care for shock/oxygen
6. transport

Question 11

patient care: impaled cheek

Answer 11

1. remove object if ONLY the cheek is impaled
2. position patient for drainage
3. pressure dressing
4. oxygen/shock

Question 12

patient care: puncture wound to the eye

Answer 12

loose dressings

Question 13

patient care: impaled eye

Answer 13

1. stabilize object
2. apply rigid protection
3. stabilize dressings/cup
4. dress and bandage uninjured eye
5. oxygen/shock

Question 14

patient care: avulsions

Answer 14

1. clean wound surface
2. fold skin back to normal position
3. control bleeding using bulky dressings

Question 15

Patient Assessment: Burns

Answer 15

evaluated/classified by:

agent/source, depth (degrees), and severity

Question 16

rules of nines

Answer 16

estimates extent of a burn

each area represents 9% of body surface: head and neck, both arms, chest, abdomen, upper back, lower back and butt, front of leg, back of leg

Question 17

rule of palm

Answer 17

estimates extent of a burn

palm of hand + fingers = 1%

Question 18

Patient Care: Thermal Burns

Answer 18

1. flame: wet down, smother, remove clothing OR semi-solid: water
2. open airway
3. signs of airway injury
4. primary assessment
5. shock/oxygen
6. evaluate burns by depth, extent, and severity
7. do not clear debris
8. wrap with dry sterile dressing
9. remove jewelry

Question 19

burns to eyes: chemical

Answer 19

flush with water for 20 minutes

Question 20

burns to eyes: thermals

Answer 20

sterile gauze to both eyes

Question 21

patient care: chemical burns

Answer 21

1. wash away chemical with water; brush off it dry chemical
2. sterile dressing/burn sheet
3. shock
4. transport

Question 22

patient care: dry lime

Answer 22

brush it off then use water

Question 23

patient care: carbolic acid (phenol)

Answer 23

wash with alcohol then use water

Question 24

patient care: sulfuric acid

Answer 24

use water

Question 25

patient care: hydrofluoric acid

Answer 25

use water

Question 26

patient care: inhaled vapors

Answer 26

use oxygen

Question 27

patient care: chemical burns to eyes

Answer 27

1. flood eyes with water (from medial to corner of eye)
2. transport
3. cover both eyes with moistened pads

Question 28

patient assessment: electrical injuries

Answer 28

burn where energy enters, disrupted nerve pathways (paralysis), muscle tenderness, respiratory difficulties, irregular heartbeat, high/low BP, restlessness, visual difficulties, fractured bones, seziures

Question 29

patient care: electrical injuries

Answer 29

1. ABC
2. Life support if needed
3. Shock/oxygen
4. Spine/head injuries
5. Look for two external burn sites
6. cool burn areas and smother clothing
7. dry sterile dressings
8. transport

Question 30

universal dressing

Answer 30

bulky dressing

Question 31

pressure dressing

Answer 31

dressing applied tightly to control bleeding

Question 32

occlusive dressing

Answer 32

forms airtight seal