ECare - Chapter 16 (General Pharmacology)

Question 1

six drugs that EMTs can administer

Answer 1

aspirin, oral glucose, oxygen, prescribed bronchodilator inhalers, nitroglycerin, and epinephrine auto injectors

Question 2

what type of patients should receive aspirin

Answer 2

patients with chest pain of a suspected cardiac origin

Question 3

what does aspirin do

Answer 3

reduces blood’s ability to clot

Question 4

what type of patients should receive oral glucose

Answer 4

patients who are conscious, have altered mental status (brain has low levels of sugar), and history of diabetes

Question 5

what type of patients should receive oxygen

Answer 5

patients who are hypoxic

Question 6

when to give activated charcoal

Answer 6

if patient is poisoned or has an overdose

Question 7

what does charcoal do

Answer 7

absorb some poisons

Question 8

side effects of cronchodilators

Answer 8

increased heart rate and jitteriness

Question 9

which patients carry nitroglycerin

Answer 9

those with recurrent chest pain or a history of heart attack

Question 10

what does nitroglycerin do?

Answer 10

dilates that coronary vessels, supplying the heart muscle with blood

Question 11

when is nitroglycerin taken?

Answer 11

when patient begins to have chest pain with cardiac in origin

Question 12

a patient taking nitroglycerin should not take this medication

Answer 12

ED medication

Question 13

side effects of nitroglycerin

Answer 13

drop in blood pressure

Question 14

what does epinephrine do?

Answer 14

constrict blood vessels and relax airway passages

Question 15

when is epinephrine used?

Answer 15

allergic reaction

Question 16

side effects of epinephrine

Answer 16

increased heart rate and blood pressure

Question 17

medication used with asthma attacks

Answer 17

albuterol (inhaler or SVN). it dilates the airway

Question 18

what is anaphylaxis

Answer 18

life-threatening response of the immune system. starts with overreaction to an antigen leading to release of histamine causing vasodilation, shock, and bronchoconstriction

Question 19

medication used to treat anaphylaxis

Answer 19

epinephrine auto-injector

Question 20

atomizer

Answer 20

device attached to end of syringe that atomizes medication (turns it into droplets)

Question 21

indication

Answer 21

signs/circumstances where it is appropriate to give drug

Question 22

untoward effects

Answer 22

effects that are unexpected and harmful

Question 23

parenteral

Answer 23

route of medication administration that doesn’t use the GI tract

Question 24

enteral

Answer 24

route of medication administration that uses GI tract

Question 25

five rights

Answer 25

1. do you have the right patient?
2. is it the right time?
3. is this the right medication?
4. is this the right dose?
5. is this the right route of administration>

Question 26

intraosseous

Answer 26

injection into the bone marrow cavity

Question 27

if patient is in shock, which route of administration shouldn’t be used?

Answer 27

sublingual and intramuscular

Question 28

medications patients often take

Answer 28

analgesics, antidysrhythmics, anticonvulsants, antihypertensives, bronchodilators, antidiabetics, antidepressants

Question 29

using a heparin or saline lock to give fluids/meds via a vein

Answer 29

catheter is placed into the vein and small cap is placed over end of catheter. caps has a port to give meds. no bag.

Question 30

using an IV bag to give fluids/meds via a vein

Answer 30

tubing connects bag to needle/catheter

Question 31

drip chamber

Answer 31

near fluid bag. micro drip is used when minimal flow of fluid is needed. macro drip is used when higher flow is needed

Question 32

flow regulator

Answer 32

located below drip chamber. device can be pushed up or down to start, stop, control rate of flow

Question 33

drug/needle port

Answer 33

below flow regulator. injection of medication is located here

Question 34

KVO rate

Answer 34

30 drops/min for micro drip or 10 drops/min for macro drip