ECare - Chapter 31 (Environmental Emergencies)

Question 1

water chill

Answer 1

chilling caused by conduction of heat from body when it is wet

Question 2

convection

Answer 2

carrying away heat via air, water, gases, or liquids

Question 3

mechanisms of heat loss

Answer 3

convection, respiration, evaporation, conduction, radiation

Question 4

passive warming

Answer 4

covering a patient and taking other steps to prevent further heat loss

Question 5

active rewarming

Answer 5

using external heat to rewarm the body

Question 6

central rewarming

Answer 6

heat to lateral chest, neck, armpits, and groin

Question 7

local cooling

Answer 7

cooling of particular parts of body

Question 8

patient care: hypothermic patient who is alert and responding appropriately

Answer 8

1. remove wet clothing
2. keep patient still and give blankets
3. shock/oxygen
4. warm liquids at slow rate
5. transport only if NOT shivering

Question 9

patient care: hypothermic patient who is unresponsive or not responding appropriately

Answer 9

1. open airway
2. warm oxygen
3. blankets (no food, drink, or massaging extremities)

Question 10

patient care: early/superficial local cold injury

Answer 10

1. get out of cold environment
2. warm the area
3. splint and cover if it is in extremity

Question 11

patient care: late or deep local cold injury

Answer 11

1. oxygen
2. transport
3. get him warmed if not able to transport

Question 12

patient assessment: heat emergency w/ moist, pale, and normal/cool skin

Answer 12

muscular cramps, weakness, dizziness, shallow breathing, weak pulse, heavy perspiration, loss of consciousness

Question 13

patient care: heat emergency w/ moist, pale, and normal/cool skin

Answer 13

1. remove from hot environment
2. oxygen
3. remove clothes
4. dan patient
5. small sips of water
6. moist towels if there are cramps
7. transport

Question 14

patient assessment: heat emergency w/ hot skin

Answer 14

altered mental status, shallow breathing, full/rapid pulse, weakness, little perspiration, dilated pupils, seizures

Question 15

patient care: heat emergency w/ hot skin

Answer 15

1. remove from hot environment
2. remove clothing
3. place cool packs in central area and fan patient
4. oxygen
5. transport

Question 16

patient care: water-related incidents

Answer 16

1. primary assessment
2. rescue breathing or CPR
3. control bleeding
4. shock/oxygen
   transport

Question 17

patient care: air embolism or decompression sickness

Answer 17

1. open airway
2. oxygen
3. transport
4. keep patient warm

Question 18

water rescues

Answer 18

reach, throw and tow, row, and go

Question 19

patient care: insect bites and stings

Answer 19

1. shock
2. call medical direction if organism is unknown
3. remove stinger/venom
4. remove jewelry
5. constricting bands if applicable
6. immobilize limb

Question 20

patient care: snakebite

Answer 20

1. medical direction to determine receiving facility
2. shock
3. locate marks
4. remove jewelry
5. keep bitten extremities immobilized (splint)
6. transport