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EMT - MedTerm and ECare > ECare - Chapter 6 (Anatomy & Physiology) > Flashcards

ECare - Chapter 6 (Anatomy & Physiology) Flashcards

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1
Q

thyroid cartilage

A

Adam’s apple

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2
Q

xiphoid process

A

inferior part of the sternum

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3
Q

musculoskeletal system

A

system of bones and skeletal muscles that support and protect the body and permit movement

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4
Q

skeleton

A

skull and spine, ribs and sternum, shoulders and upper extremities, and the pelvis and lower extremities

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5
Q

muscles

A

tissue that can contract to allow movement of a body part

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6
Q

ligaments

A

tissue that connects bone to bone

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7
Q

tendons

A

tissue that connects muscle to bone

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8
Q

three main functions of musculoskeletal system

A
  1. give body shape
  2. protect vital internal organs
  3. provide body movement
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9
Q

skull

A

part of skeleton

skull: bony structure of the head

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10
Q

cranium

A

the top, back, and sides of the skull

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11
Q

face

A

front of the skull

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12
Q

mandible

A

lower jaw-bone

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13
Q

maxillae

A

two fused bones forming the upper jaw

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14
Q

nasal bones

A

nose bones

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15
Q

orbits

A

bony structures around the eyes; eye sockets

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16
Q

zygomatic arches

A

bones that form the structure of the cheeks

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17
Q

vertebrae

A

the 33 bones of the spinal column (or just spine)

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18
Q

thorax

A

chest

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19
Q

thoracic cavity

A

internal space formed by bones of thorax; contains heart, lungs, and major blood vessels

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20
Q

sternum

A

breastbone

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21
Q

manubrium

A

superior portion of the sternum

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22
Q

the body

A

center portion of the sternum

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23
Q

xiphoid process

A

inferior portion of the sternum

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24
Q

pelvis

A

basin-shaped boney structure that supports the spine and is the point of proximal attachment for the lower extremities

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25
Q

ilium

A

superior and widest portion of the pelvis

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26
Q

ischium

A

lower, posterior portions of the pelvis

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27
Q

pubis

A

medial anterior portion of the pelvis

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28
Q

acetabulum

A

the pelvic socket into which the ball at the proximal end of the femur fits to form the hip joint

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29
Q

femur

A

large thigh bone

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30
Q

patella

A

kneecap

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31
Q

tibia

A

medial and larger bone of the lower leg

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32
Q

fibula

A

lateral and smaller bone of the lower leg

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33
Q

malleolus

A

protrusion on the side of the ankle; lateral malleolus: lower end of fibula seen on outer ankle and medial malleolus: lower end of the tibia seen on the inner ankle

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34
Q

tarsals

A

ankle bones

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35
Q

metatarsals

A

foot bones

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36
Q

calcaneus

A

heel bone

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37
Q

phalanges

A

toe and finger bones

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38
Q

clavicle

A

collarbone

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39
Q

scapula

A

shoulder blade

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40
Q

acromion process

A

highest portion of the shoulder

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41
Q

acromioclavicular joint

A

the joint where the acromion and clavicle meet

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42
Q

humerus

A

bone of the upper arm between the shoulder and elbow

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43
Q

radius

A

lateral bone of the forearm

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44
Q

ulna

A

medial bone of the forearm

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45
Q

carpals

A

wrist bones

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46
Q

metacarpals

A

hand bones

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47
Q

joint

A

point where two bones connect

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48
Q

voluntary muscle

A

aka skeletal muscles

muscle that can be consciously controlled by nervous system

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49
Q

involuntary muscle

A

aka smooth muscle

muscle that responds automatically to brain signals but cannot be consciously controlled

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50
Q

cardiac muscle

A

specialized involuntary muscle found only in the heart; very sensitive to decreased O2

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51
Q

automaticity

A

ability of the heart to generate and conduct electrical impulses on its own; heartbeat is controlled by impulses

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52
Q

respiratory system

A

aka pulmonary system

system of nose, mouth, throat, lungs, and muscles that bring oxygen into the body (oxygenation) and expel carbon dioxide (ventilation)

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53
Q

oropharynx

A

area directly posterior to the mouth

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54
Q

nasopharynx

A

area directly posterior to the nose

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55
Q

pharynx

A

area that includes both nasopharynx and oropharynx

56
Q

epiglottis

A

leaf-shaped structure that prevents food and foreign matter from entering trachea

57
Q

larynx

A

voice box; contains vocal cords

58
Q

cricoid cartilage

A

ring-shaped structure that forms the lower portion of the larynx

59
Q

trachea

A

aka. windpipe

the structure that connects the pharynx to the lungs

60
Q

lungs

A

organs where exchange of atmospheric oxygen and waste carbon dioxide take place

61
Q

bronchi

A

two large sets of branches that come off the trachea and enter the lungs

62
Q

bronchioles

A

branches of the bronchi

63
Q

alveoli

A

small sacs of the lungs where gas exchange with the bloodstream takes place

64
Q

diaphragm

A

muscular structure controlled by phrenic nerve that divides the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity; a major muscle of respiration

65
Q

inhalation

A

active process in which the intercostal muscles (rib cage) and the diaphragm contract, expanding the size of the chest cavity and causing air to flow into the lungs by negative pressure

66
Q

exhalation

A

passive process in which the intercostal (rib) muscles and the diaphragm relax, causing the chest cavity to decrease in size and air to flow out of the lungs by positive pressure

67
Q

ventilation

A

process of moving gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between inhaled air and the pulmonary circulation of blood

68
Q

respiration (cellular)

A

the process of moving oxygen and carbon dioxide between circulation blood and the cells

69
Q

cardiovascular system

A

aka circulatory system

system made up of the heart and the blood vessels

70
Q

atria

A

the two upper chambers of the heart. The right atrium receives unoxygenated blood returning from the body. The left atrium receives oxygenated blood returning from the lungs

71
Q

ventricles

A

two lower chambers of the heart. The right ventricle sends oxygen-poor blood to the lungs. The lift ventricle sends oxygen-rich blood to the body

72
Q

venae cavae

A

consists of the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava. These two major veins return blood from the body to the right atrium

73
Q

aorta

A

body’s largest artery. It receives blood from the left ventricle

74
Q

valve

A

structure that opens and closes to permit the flow of a fluid in one direction

75
Q

cardiac conduction system

A

system of specialized muscle tissues that conducts electrical impulses that stimulate the heart to beat

76
Q

artery

A

blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart

77
Q

coronary arteries

A

blood vessels that supply the muscle of the heart (myocardium)

78
Q

pulmonary artery

A

vessels that carry deoxygenated blood (exception) from the right ventricle to the lungs

79
Q

carotid arteries

A

the large neck arteries (one of each side) that carries blood from the heart to the head

80
Q

femoral artery

A

major artery supplying the leg

81
Q

brachial artery

A

artery of the upper arm

82
Q

radial arteral

A

artery of the lower arm

83
Q

posterior tibial artery

A

artery supplying the foot, behind the medial ankle

84
Q

dorsalis pedis artery

A

artery supplying the foot, lateral to the large tendon of the big toe

85
Q

arteriole

A

smallest kind of artery

86
Q

capillary

A

thin-walled, small blood vessel where oxygen/carbon dioxide and nutrient/waste exchange with the body’s cells take place

87
Q

venule

A

smallest kind of vein

88
Q

vein

A

blood vessel that returns blood to the heart

89
Q

pulmonary vein

A

vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart

90
Q

plasma

A

fluid portion of the blood

91
Q

red blood cells

A

carry oxygen to and carbon dioxide away from the cells

92
Q

white blood cells

A

make substances that help fight infection

93
Q

platelets

A

membrane-enclosed fragments of specialized cells involved with clotting

94
Q

pulse

A

rhythmic beats caused as waves of blood move through and expand the arteries

95
Q

peripheral pulses

A

the radial, brachial, posterior tibital, and dorsalis pedis pulses

96
Q

central pulses

A

carotid and femoral pulses

97
Q

blood pressure

A

pressure caused by blood exerting force against the walls of blood vessels

98
Q

systolic blood pressure

A

pressure created in the arteries when the left ventricle contracts & forces blood into circulation

99
Q

diastolic blood pressure

A

pressure in the arteries when the left ventricle is refilling

100
Q

perfusion

A

supply of oxygen and nutrients to and removal of wastes from the cells and tissues of the body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries

101
Q

hypoperfusion/shock

A

inability of body to adequately circulate blood to body’s cells to supply them with oxygen and nutrients

102
Q

lymphatic system

A

system made of organs, tissues, and vessels that maintain fluid balance of the body and contribute to the immune system

103
Q

nervous system

A

system of brain, spinal cord, and nerves that govern sensation, movement, and thought

104
Q

central nervous system

A

brain and spinal cord

105
Q

peripheral nervous system

A

nerves that enter and leave the spinal cord and travel between the brain and organs without passing through the spinal cord; consists of sensory and motor nerves

106
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

division of the peripheral nervous system that controls involuntary motor functions; can be broken down into sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems

107
Q

digestive system

A

system by which food travels through the body and is digested or broken down into absorbable form

108
Q

stomach

A

muscular sac between the esophagus and the small intestine where digestion begins

109
Q

small intestine

A

muscular tube between stomach and large intestine, divided into the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum (receives partially digested food from stomach and continues digestion)

110
Q

large intestine

A

muscular tube that removes water from waste products received from the small intestine and moves anything not absorbed by the body toward excretion from the body

111
Q

liver

A

largest organ of the body. makes bile to help breakdown fats and assists in metabolism

112
Q

gallbladder

A

sac on the underside of the liver that stores bile produced by liver

113
Q

pancreas

A

gland behind the stomach that makes insulin and juices that help in digestion in the duodenum

114
Q

spleen

A

organ located in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen that acts as blood filtration system and a reservoir for blood

115
Q

appendix

A

small tube near junction of small and large intestines in right lower quadrant of abdomen. Function unclear

116
Q

skin

A

layer of tissue between body and external environment

117
Q

integumentary system

A

skin

118
Q

functions of skin (5)

A

protection, water balance, temp regulation, excretion, and shock absorption

119
Q

epidermis

A

outer layer of skin

120
Q

dermis

A

inner (second) layer of skin

rich in blood vessels and nerves

121
Q

subcutaneous layer

A

layers of fat and soft tissues

122
Q

endocrine system

A

systems of glands that produce hormones that help with body regulation

123
Q

insulin

A

hormone made by pancreas

124
Q

epinephrine

A

hormone made by body

dilates respiratory passages and used for severe allergic reaction

125
Q

renal system

A

aka urinary system

body system that regulates fluid balance and the filtration of blood

126
Q

kidneys

A

filters blood and regulates fluid levels in the body

127
Q

bladder

A

round saclike organ of the renal system used as urine reservoir

128
Q

ureters

A

tubes connecting the kidneys to the bladder

129
Q

urethra

A

tube connecting the bladder to the vagina or penis for excretion of urine

130
Q

reproductive system

A

system responsible for reproduction

131
Q

testes

A

male organs of reproduction used to make sperm

132
Q

penis

A

organ of male reproduction responsible for sexual intercourse and transfer of sperm

133
Q

oavires

A

egg-producing organs

134
Q

uterus

A

organ of reproduction used to house developing fetus

135
Q

vagina

A

organ of reproduction used for both sexual intercourse and an exit from the uterus for the fetus

EMT - MedTerm and ECare (40 decks)

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