E5) Adaptations of the energy systems to exercise

Question 1

ATP-PC

Answer 1

Short duration, high intensity interval training will improve ability to produce energy anaerobically
Body more able to store more creatine
Able to work anaerobically for longer, using faster, powerful movements & delays fatigue

Question 2

Lactate system

Answer 2

Increased tolerance to lactic acid in the muscles & more efficient at removing lactic acid
Endurance training encourages capillarisation, allowing more blood flow & delivery of oxygen & nutrients to the muscle
More fats used as a fuel source, body able to use oxygen more efficiently, resulting in the body able to work harder & longer without fatigue
Resulting in the body’s maximal oxygen consumption, but still not enough

Question 3

Aerobic energy system

Answer 3

Long term exercise will improve the cardiovascular system- more oxygen delivered to the working muscles
Cardiovascular system improvements- aid removal of lactic acid clue to the increased oxygen delivery through oxidisation

Question 4

Aerobic- Increased use of fats as an energy source

Answer 4

Main source of energy at low intensity exercise
Fat oxidisation increases as glycogen stores as depleted (exercise for long period of time)
Athletes who train for long periods of time- greater opportunity to burn fats, as body is more efficient at delivering oxygen to the working muscles
greater number of mitochondria

Question 5

Aerobic- Increased storage of glycogen & no of mitochondria

Answer 5

Due to increased number of mitochondria through regular training, there is an increase in muscle cells oxidative capacity
ATP supply increases & the quality of enzymes involved in respiration
Muscle can store more glycogen meaning anaerobic glycolysis can last longer

Question 6

Oxidative capacity

Answer 6

Ability to utilise O2