A3) Joints Flashcards
Joints of the upper skeleton
Shoulder
Elbow
Wrist
Cervical vertebrae
Thoracic vertebrae
Joints of the lower skeleton
Lumbar vertebrae
Sacrum vertebrae
Coccygeal vertebrae
Hip
Knee
Ankle
Fixed or Fibrous joints
Joints cannot move
Bones interlock & overlap in early childhood
Held together with tough bone of fibrous tissue
Examples of Fixed/Fibrous joints
Cranium
Pelvis
Sacrum
Coccyx
Cartilaginous or Slightly moveable joints
They can only move a little
Ends of bone covered with hyaline cartilage, reducing friction between the bones
Bones separated by fibrocartilage, which is able to absorb heavy loads
Examples of Cartilaginous/Slightly moveable joints
Cervical, Thoracic or Lumbar vertebrae ONLY
Sternum/Ribs
Pubis symphysis
Synovial or Freely moveable joints
Bones move freely & offer the most mobility
They are known as synovial joints
Examples of Synovial/Freely moveable joints
Elbow
Knee (Patella)
Hip
Parts of a Synovial joint: Joint Capsule
Outer sleeve that holds the bone in place & protects the joint
Parts of a Synovial joint: Bursa
Small synovial fluid-filled sac
Acts as a cushion between tendon & bone- to prevent friction- reducing the risk of injury
Parts of a Synovial joint: Articular cartilage
Provides a smooth slippery surface at the end of bones- prevent friction
Parts of a Synovial joint: Synovial membrane
Capsule lining that releases synovial fluid- reduces friction
Parts of a Synovial joint: Synovial fluid
Viscous (thick) liquid that lubricates the joints
Prevents bones from rubbing together
Provides nutrients to the articular cartilage
Parts of a Synovial joint: Ligaments
Attaches bone to bone
Provides strength/stability/support to the joint- reducing risk of injury
