D4) Responses of the cardiovascular system to a single sport or exercise session

Question 1

Anticipatory rise

Answer 1

Heart beats faster immediately before a sporting event- release of adrenaline
To prepare the body for the increase in demands about to be put on the body
Nerves that directly supply the heart & chemicals in the body alter heart rate
Biggest anticipatory rise- seen in short periods

Question 2

Increased heart rate

Answer 2

Heart rate will increase- supply more oxygenated blood to muscles
Nerve systems in the brain will adjust the rate & pump strength of the heart
Regional blood flow altered accordingly due to the change of intensity of activity

Question 3

Increased cardiac output

Answer 3

Cardiac output= heart rate x stroke volume
During exercise- output will be greater as either heart rate or stroke volumes increases
Stroke volume does not increase greatly after low intensity exercise, therefore to meet the increase demands of moderate to high intensity exercise the heart rate increase will affect cardiac output the most

Question 4

Cardiac output

Answer 4

Amount of blood pumped out the left side of the heart to the body in 1 minute

Question 5

Heart rate

Answer 5

Number of beats per minute

Question 6

Stroke volume

Answer 6

Amount of blood pumped out per heart beat

Question 7

Increased blood pressure

Answer 7

During exercise- systolic pressure would increase
Heart works harder to supply oxygenated blood
Diastolic remains the same or slightly decreases
120/80
Systolic/Diastolic

Question 8

Blood pressure

Answer 8

Pressure of blood against the walls of the arteries

Question 9

Systolic pressure

Answer 9

Pressure of blood vessel walls (arteries) when the heart contracts & forces blood out of the heart to the body

Question 10

Diastolic pressure

Answer 10

Pressure on blood vessel walls (arteries)when the heart is between beats & relaxed

Question 11

Redirection of blood flow

Answer 11

Increasing blood flow to where it is needed (working muscles)
Decreasing blood flow to where it is not needed (stomach)
Vasodilation & vasoconstriction enable this to happen