A4 & A5) Skeletal responses to exercise and adaptations of the skeletal system to exercise

Question 1

Responses

Answer 1

Immediate & short term
1.Stimulates increased mineral uptake- making bones stronger & denser, important for weight bearing exercises
2.Produce more synovial fluid, making it less viscous, increasing flexibility of the joint- release of synovial fluid, increases nutrients to articular cartilage

Question 2

Adaptations

Answer 2

Long term way skeletal system changes with regular training
1.Increase bone density- less likely to suffer from fractures
2.Increased ligament strength- reduces the risk of dislocation & increased flexibility
3.Increased thickness of articular cartilage

Question 3

Arthritis

Answer 3

Inflammation within the synovial joint
Causes: pain and stiffness

Question 4

Osteoarthritis

Answer 4

Most common type: caused by wear and tear
Causes: reduces cartilage & has bone rubbing on bone

Question 5

Exercise effect on osteoarthritis

Answer 5

Produces more synovial fluid to lubricate the joint
Provide important minerals to the cartilage
Increases flexibility due to ligament lengthening

Question 6

Rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 6

Inflammation of the joint so they become painful and swollen

Question 7

Exercise effect on rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 7

Synovial membrane becomes enflamed due to build up of fluid
When fluid reduces, the joint capsule will be stretched- less stable
Causes pain & deformity

Question 8

Osteoporosis

Answer 8

Weakening of bones
Causes:loss of calcium or lack of vitamin D

Question 9

Exercise effect on osteoporosis

Answer 9

Promotes uptake of minerals in the bone
Increased bone mineral strength
Resistance training is good for prevention as it increases bone density

Question 10

Age

Answer 10

Bones slowly lose mineral & become more brittle
As a child weight training can damage growth plates as they are still growing- stunted growth