A1) Structure of the skeletal system

Question 1

Long bones

Answer 1

They affect our overall height
They act as a lever, strength and movement and blood cell production

Question 2

Short bones

Answer 2

Smaller
Weight bearing, support and stability

Question 3

Flat bones

Answer 3

Found forming a protective surface
Protection, large surface for muscle attachment

Question 4

Irregular bones

Answer 4

Have a specific function
Protection and muscle attachment

Question 5

Sesamoid bones

Answer 5

Specialised function, usually found within a tendon
Smooth surface for the tendon to slide over

Question 6

Axial skeleton

Answer 6

Cranium
Thoracic cage
Vertebral column

Question 7

Appendicular skeleton

Answer 7

Upper limbs
Lower limbs
Shoulder girdle
Pelvic girdle

Question 8

Vertebrae- Cervical

Answer 8

7 vertebrae of the neck
Atlas (C1) & Axis (C2) create a pivot joint - allowing the head to move from side to side

Question 9

Vertebrae- Thoracic

Answer 9

12 vertebrae, mid spine
Allows movement in conjunction with the ribs

Question 10

Vertebrae- Lumbar

Answer 10

5 largest of moveable vertebrae, lower back
Carry more weight, back muscles attach to
Discs produce a concave curve in the back

Question 11

Vertebrae- Sacral

Answer 11

5 bones fused together to form the sacrum
Sits between the hip bones

Question 12

Vertebrae- Coccygeal

Answer 12

4 vertebrae fused together to form the coccyx

Question 13

Neutral spine allignment

Answer 13

33 vertebrae have an ‘s’
Neutral spine- correct posture with correct positions for all 3 natural curves

Question 14

Scoliosis

Answer 14

Abnormal curve of the spine to the left or right (lateral curvature)
Tends to affect thoracic region
Not thought to be bad posture but inherited

Question 15

Kyphosis

Answer 15

Excessive outward curving of the thoracic region
Often caused by poor posture
But also deformities of the spine

Question 16

Ossification

Answer 16

Process where bones are formed

Question 17

Osteoblasts

Answer 17

The cells that bring calcium to the bone
Osteoblast activity increases with exercise making bones stronger- this causes calcium store to increase- less likely to develop osteoporosis

Question 18

Osteoclasts

Answer 18

The cells that remove bone by dissolving bone mineral if damaged or broken

Question 19

Epiphyseal plate (growth plate)

Answer 19

Found at the end of long bones
When bone has fully formed the head of the bone fuses with the shaft- creating the epiphyseal line