D5) Adaptations of the cardiovascular system to exercise

Question 1

Cardiac hypertrophy

Answer 1

Enlargement of the heart over a period of time
Left ventricle walls become thicker- increasing strength of contractions

Question 2

Increases in resting & exercising stroke volume

Answer 2

Endurance training
More blood pusher to the heart- more oxygen delivered to the working muscles
Increase cardiac output
Blood flow increase- increase in the size & number of blood vessels
Increased efficiency in delivered oxygen & nutrients

Question 3

Starling’s law

Answer 3

Greater venous return- greater stroke volume
Venous return increases- walls of ventricles are stretched further

Question 4

Decrease in resting heart rate

Answer 4

Increase of stroke volume & cardiac hypertrophy- reduces workload on the heart

Question 5

Capillarisation of skeletal muscle & alveoli

Answer 5

Aerobic exercise- increases the number of capillaries in the cardiac & skeletal muscle
Increase in size & number in muscles
More efficient delivery of oxygen & nutrients

Question 6

Reduction in resting heart rate

Answer 6

BP will rise during exercise for a short time & return to resting levels once finished
Exercise can reduce BP
People with hypertension can be recommended steady aerobic exercise to correct this

Question 7

Decreased heart rate recovery time

Answer 7

How quickly your heart rate falls during the firsti minutes of exercise
Fitter you are- quicker HR will fall & return to res

Question 8

Increase in blood volume

Answer 8

Amount of blood circulation around your body
Increases due to training due to capillarisation
You can deliver more oxygen to working muscles & regulate body temperature efficiently