E3: Hypersensitivity Flashcards
What are the 2 types of hyperseneitivites
immediate and delayed
how long does delayed hypersensitivities take to manifest
1-3 days
why is delayed sensitivities, delayed? because its caused by ___ cells :(
because its caused by T-cells
example of a type 2 reaction
blood transfusion
example of type 3 reaction
antigen/ antibody complexes getting stuck in the kidney and causing renal failure
type __ reaction is your classic allergy
1
example of type 4 reaction
dermitis,drug hypersensitivity
immune mediator in type 1 reactions
IgE
Immune mediator in type __ is IgE
1
allergies are initiated by an interaction between ___ and a ___ antigen
IgE, multivalent
IgE is circulating in the body in __ concentrations
low
most common antibody in the blood
IgG
most common antibody on plasma cells
IgD and IgM
IgE binds to ____ cells (innate/adaptive)
innate
many allergens can elicit a type __ response
1
healthy individuals make IgE in response to ___ infections
parasitic
__ individuals produce IgE against common environmental Ags
Atopic
common environmental Ags are either ___ or ___
proteins, glycoproteins
what are epitopes
antigenic sites
IgE stimulates a Th___ response
2
__ means you are prone to these hypersensativities
Atopic
epitope is what the __ binds to
antibody
if 1 antigen has several epitopes, you can then have ________-___
cross reactivity
what response does IgE in hypersensitivity type 1 stimulate
T helper type 2
what does IgE cross link with
FceR1s
Granule mediators of Type 1 Hypersensitivity act on surrounding tissues and cells to cause ___
symptoms
the mechanism is mediated by the ___ receptors
Fc
B cells become ___ cells that produce IgE
plasma
name of the receptor that is the high-affinity IgE receptor
FcER1
there are high levels of FceR1 on what 2 cell types
mast cells, basophils
what cells have low levels of FcER1
eosinophils, monocytes, platelets
binding does what to IgE
increases the half-life from 2-3 days to weeks
___ is what we call an allergic reaction
degranulation
in an allergic reaction, the mast cell calls in what other cell
eosinophil
what is IgE in the blood for
parasitic infections
heparin is an ____
anticoagulant
leukotrienes are an example of
cytokines
Langerhans cells are located on the __
skin
if the IgE finds a receptor on a mast cell or basophil, the half life increases to be a few ___
weeks
IgE binding to a receptor causes __ and ___ of ___
degranulation, release of cytokines
is there cross talk between acute and chronic reactions
yes
name of the low affinity IgE receptor
FcER2
FcER2 regulates the projection of IgE by __ cells
(B or T)
B
name the 2 isoforms of FcER2
CD23 a and b
__ cells express both RcER1 and 2
mast cells
if a cell binds to IgE and IgD the __ signal may be induced
inhibiting
what is a part of why inducing IgG in atopic individuals can respond to “allergy shots”
because the allergy shots increase the IgG produces which can cause an inhibiting signal to be produced
2 types of mediators
primary, secondary
mediators are released by what
degranulation
histamine is a ___
vasodilator
histamine effects observed within ___
minutes
understanding the receptor types of (histamine for example), can help better with ____. Fine tune the medication.
treatment
