E2: L12 Flashcards
Helper T cells are involved with what number CD __
CD 4
Cytotoxic T cells are involved with what number CD
CD 8
regulatory T cells are involved with what numbers CD?
CD4, CD25, and Foxp3
a nieve lymphocyte is a lymphocyte that is ready to be activated but us yet to be ___
activated
humoral response contains __ cells
B
Cellular immune system contains __ cells
T
the proteins in the membrane of CD cells function as __ in the lab
markers
the CD proteins have a job in __ of other cells
activation
CD3+ means they have CD3 __ in their membranes
proteins
B cells are a lymphocyte that is CD3 __
negative
do B cells have makers that are associated with cytotoxic cells
no
lymphocytes are produced in the
bone marrow
some lymphocytes become B cells and mature in the bone marrow. ___ go to the thymus to be trained.
T
T cells enter the thymus in the cortex they become ___.
thymocytes
what developmental stage is the thymus most active
childhood
thymus can be a point when a viral exposure can happen. this means you can have __ cells present along with T cells
dendritic
a mature T cell is also called a __ cell
nieve
immature thymocytes are not expressing any of which 3 proteins
CD3-, CD4-, and CD8-
T cell receptors start to be expressed in the __ stage in maturation
1st
both CD3 and CD8 are expressed __ in thyme development
early
the receptors will undergo genetic reorganization to increase ___
negative selection
against cells recognizing self antigens and select for cells that use histone compatability proteins. these that become nieve T cells can recognize between self and foreign.
majority of cells that leave thymus and circulate through body are __
destroyed
a nieve cell differentiate between __ and __ cells
cytotoxic and helper
cytotoxic cells are only CD__
CD8
helper T cells are only CD__
CD4
pre T cells are __ __
double negative
after the pre T cell develops in 1st step of maturation, it becomes __ __
double positive
naive T cells circulate through body and picked up through __ __
lymph bodys
Naive cells are no longer considered naive when they encounter an ___
antigen
CD3 is a complex composed of __ subunits
4
TCR stands for
T-cell antigen receptor
CD3 cell says it is a __ cell
T
Th1 helper T cells steer it toward a __ ___ response
cell mediated
Th2 helper T cells steer it toward an __ __ response. this is a __ response
antibody mediated. humoral
Cytotoxic T cells Kill __ cells. this is called __
target, apoptosis
Regulatory T cells acts as a __
regulator
3 signals to activate a T-cell: AMC
- antigen presentation 2. molecular interactions, second signal 3.cytokines
- antigen presentation. T-cells can only respond in __ __ __ contact
cell-to-cell
cytokines provide the __ signal in T-cell activation
3rd
once activated T-cells go into what 2 effector forms of CD
CD8+ and CD4+
CD8+ become a __ cell
cytotoxic
with exposure to antigen presenting cell, __ loops start
feedback
once activated, T-cells encounter cytokines that trigger clonal ___
expansion
a naiev t-cell encounters a T-cell receptor and an __ molecule.
MHC
MHC molecule is the ___
antigen
CD4 markers job hold the cells together to stimulate the naive CD__ Cell
CD4
What MHC is involved in CD4 cells
MHC 2
activation signal 1 is __ specific
antigen
two types of antigen-specific TCR engagement
MHC 1 or MHC 2
costimulatory interaction requires an additional __
protein
when the interaction involves a costimulatory interaction, it is a __ interaction
stronger
signal 3: cytokines direct T cell differentiation into distinct effector cell types. the 2 types are
T cell and helper T cells
name the signal number: engagement of co-stimulatory molecules such as CD28
2
name the signal: : TCR/MHC-peptide interactions along with CD4 and CD8 coreceptors
1
name the signal: local cytokine signaling
3
signals 1 and 2 do up __ and __ of IL2 and IL2r genes
regulation, transcription
costimulators can be ___
inhibitors
CD___:activation of naive t cells
CD28
negative regulation of the immune response is influenced by ___
PD-1
__ can inhibit the activation of the lymphocyte in a specific way
PD-1
what 2 cytokines are nearby when the T cell is activated.
IL-12, (viral) and IL-4 (parasites)
___ are produced by antigen presenting cells from their innate activation
interleukins
IL-12 controls the ___ ___ immune response
cell mediated immune response
IL-4 controls what type of immune response
Humoral response
antigen presenting cells interact with naive CD___ T cells
CD4+
polarizing cytokines can __ helper T-cells
differentiate
know the role of TH1/2, Treg, and TFH cells***
IL4 and IL12 signal to ___ T cells
helper
if IL-12 is present, the cell will become Helper type __
1 (TH1)
if IL-4 is present, the cell will become helper cell type __
2, Th2
Th1 is involved in ___ ___ response and TH2 in the ___ response
cell mediated, humoral
Cytotoxic T cell maturation step 1 is the interaction with ___
MHC
Cytotoxic T cell maturation step 2 is interaction with __
co-stimulators
Cytotoxic T cell maturation step 3 is ___ involved with IL-2
cytokines
T cell leaves thymus and can be activated as __ or ___
___ cells dampen the immune response
Peripheral Treg cells
Peripheral Treg cells originate in what organ
thymus, peripherally
Tumor factor beta is present activate Treg cells to secrete __ and ___ to down regulate the immune response. and suppress other T-cell __
IL-10 and TGF-B. subsets.
helper T cells express CD___
CD4
IL-10 __ immune response
dampen
Tfh cells are __ ___ __ cells
Follicular helper T
Tfh promote B cell ___
differentiation
CXC stands for ___
chemokine
helper cells go into the lympnodes because of ___
chemokine
Th1 cell is __ ___ immunity
cell mediated
when T cells come in contact with antigen presenting cells, they initiate ___
apoptosis
antigen presenting cells have __-___ properties
co-stimulatory
cells that are professional phagocytes in the adaptive response: DMBl
dendritic, macrophage, B lymphocyte (B cells)
