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Immunology > E2: L14 > Flashcards

E2: L14 Flashcards

1
Q

natural killer cells are ___ negative and lack specific ___ receptors and are activated by ___

A

CD3, antigen, cytokines

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2
Q

Ag stands for

A

antigen

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3
Q

interferons associated with viral infections

A

IFN alpha, beta, and IL-12

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4
Q

NK cells act earlier in immune response than ___ T-cells

A

cytotoxic

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5
Q

Natural killer cells mature in ___ tissues

A

peripheral

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6
Q

NK cells can kill cells that have MHC class ___

A

1

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7
Q

NK cells have receptors that are ___/___

A

activators/inhibitors

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8
Q

individual cells have different receptor __ for natural killer cells

A

amounts

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9
Q

NK cells induce cell - ___ apoptosis

A

mediated

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10
Q

NK cells release __ and __ to induce apoptosis

A
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11
Q

natural killer cells cannot do anything until they interact with MHC class __

A

1

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12
Q

NK Tcells are ___ immune response, train in the ___, main Tcell receptor is the ___ - ___ receptor

A

adaptive, thymus, alpha-beta

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13
Q

NK Tcells can have a ___ marker on them

A

CD4

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14
Q

6 mechanisms of antibodies:
1. N___
2. Agglutination
3. Opsonization
4. Activate complement
5. Activate Cytotoxic cells
6. Activate degranulation (inflammation)

A

neutralize pathogens/toxins

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15
Q

6 mechanisms of antibodies:
1. Neutralize pathogens/toxins
2. Agg____
3. Opsonization
4. Activate complement
5. Activate Cytotoxic cells
6. Activate degranulation (inflammation)

A

Agglutination

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16
Q

6 mechanisms of antibodies:
1. Neutralize pathogens/toxins
2. Agglutination
3. O___
4. Activate complement
5. Activate Cytotoxic cells
6. Activate degranulation (inflammation)

A

Opsonization

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17
Q

6 mechanisms of antibodies:
1. Neutralize pathogens/toxins
2. Agglutination
3. Opsonization
4. Activate com___
5. Activate Cytotoxic cells
6. Activate degranulation (inflammation)

A

Active compliment

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18
Q

6 mechanisms of antibodies:
1. Neutralize pathogens/toxins
2. Agglutination
3. Opsonization
4. Activate complement
5. Activate Cyto___
6. Activate degranulation (inflammation)

A

Cytotoxic cells

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19
Q

6 mechanisms of antibodies:
1. Neutralize pathogens/toxins
2. Agglutination
3. Opsonization
4. Activate complement
5. Activate Cytotoxic cells
6. Activate ___ (inflammation)

A

degranulation

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20
Q

general shape of antibodies

A

Y- shape

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21
Q

IgG

A

most common in body

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22
Q

IgA

A

2 Ys

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23
Q

IgD

A

1 Y

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24
Q

IgE

A

1Y

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25
Q

IgM

A

circle with 5 Y’s surrounding it

26
Q

5 Antibodies you need to know: Ig…

A

A, D, G, E, M

27
Q

heavy chain of an antibody is on the ___ of the Y

A

stem

28
Q

light chain of an antibody is on the ___ of the Y

A

Arms

29
Q

antibodies are ___ proteins

A

soluble

30
Q

constant region of an antibody ___ change

A

don’t

31
Q

the active site of an antibody are highly ___

A

variable

32
Q

IgG has ___ subtypes

A

4

33
Q

The IgG subunit with the shortest halflife is ___

A

IgG3

34
Q

The longest living antibody is ___

A

IgG

35
Q

IgA has __ subtypes

A

2

36
Q

IgA has a ____ structure that keeps it from being broken down by a protease

A

Diamer

37
Q

___ cells are the B cells that secrete antibodies

A

Plasma

38
Q

____ cells are required to complete the Diamer structure of IgA

A

Epithelial

39
Q

IgM has ___ binding sites for antigens

A

10

40
Q

IgM can get broken apart into ___ receptors and are the first antibodies to respond to a viral infection

A

B-cell

41
Q

The first antibody to respond to an antigen is ___ and then ___

A

IgM, IgG

42
Q

IgD activates Bcalls and is a maturation marker. Doesn’t activate compliment.

A
43
Q

IgE is associated with allergic reaction and parasitic reactions

A
44
Q

Effector function of antibodies depend on the antibody ____

A

Isotype

45
Q

Isotope is the antibody. ___

A

Subtype

46
Q

Neutralization prevents a virus from attacking body cell

A
47
Q

Aggulation enhances neutralization

A
48
Q

When compliment is activated it can mean ___

A

Cytoloysis

49
Q

Antibody’s can stimulate natural killer cells and cytotoxic T cells

A
50
Q

Antibody function matching slide

A
51
Q

First antibody produced, and has a lower affinity

A

IgM

52
Q

IgM has many binding sites this means they have a high ____

A

Avvidity

53
Q

IgG all forms, will bind to a cell with a receptor that has a constant portion for IgG

A
54
Q

IgG Binds to receptors that enhance phagocytosis by ___

A

Macrophages

55
Q

IgA Major isotope is found in the ___ and ___

A

Gut, milk

56
Q

IgA1 is more prevalent in ___ and IgA2 is more prevalent in the ___

A

Serum, secretion

57
Q

IgA1 function can stimulate phagocytosis, granulation, and can neutralize toxins

A
58
Q

IgA1 don’t fix compliment, thus they don’t drive inflammation

A
59
Q

IgA is ___ resistant

A

Protease

60
Q

IgE can cause the release of ___

A

Histamine

61
Q

IgD stimulates basophils and mast cells to promote AMPs

A
62
Q

IgD is present is higher levels in the upper respiratory tract

A

Immunology (21 decks)

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