E2: L19 immune response in space/time Flashcards
___ ___ circulate moving into the tissues from the blood, scanning for Ag.
naive lymphocytes
after naive lymphocytes are activated in the secondary lymphatic location, they return to the heart and are re-circulated throughout the body
__ and ___ cells travel into secondary lymph organs, such as lymph nodes, prior to antigen exposure.
T and B
T and B cells travel into ___ lymph organs, such as lymph nodes, prior to ___ exposure.
secondary, antigen
- T and B cells leave the blood and enter a lymph node.
- T cells browse the fibroblastic reticular cell (FRC) network.
- B cells travel to follicles and browse follicular DCs.
- DCs and other APCs are scanned on the FRC, and antigen enters the subscapsular sinuses.
- T and B cell
macrophages can present an ___ in the lymph node
antigen
Lymphocytes gain entry into the splenic ___ pulp via
distinct homing mechanisms.
white
what are the secondary lymphatic structures? what are the primary lymphatic structures?
In the absence of infection: naïve T cells browse for antigen in: the paracortex of ____ node;
T zone in ___
___ cells browse the follicles in both lymph node
lymph, spleen, B
naïve ___ cells browse for antigen in the paracortex of lymph node;
T zone in spleen
___ cells browse the follicles in both lymph no
T, B
Innate immune cells are activated by Ag binding to ____
PRRs
PRR stands for
pattern-recognition
receptors
how do antigens specifically get to lymph node and spleen.
can travel on ___ cells or as ___ antigens
dendritic, unprocessed
___ cells have to have a cell to cell connection
T
___ cells bind unprocessed Ag in lymph node.
B
unprocessed antigen is also known as a ___ antigen
soluble
___ cells scan lymph node for Ag peptides bound to MHC
molecules.
T
unprocessed antigens are on the dendritic cell which have not processed that protein yet. Are on the way to becoming PRR, but not there yet.
Blood-borne antigen is primarily picked up in what organ
spleen
Blood-borne Ag captured by specialized ____ at the marginal
zone of the spleen.
APCs
APCs stand for
Antigen presenting cells
Once activated, B cells:
A. present antigen to dendritic cells in the paracortex.
B. recognize antigen presented on T cells in the subcapsular sinus.
C. migrate toward the paracortex to interact with T cells.
D. leave the secondary lymph organ and return to the bone marrow.
E. attract neutrophils into the lymph node via chemokine release.
Once activated, antigen-presenting ___ cells enter lymph node, travel to paracortex.
Dendritic
DCs stand for
dendritic cells
to activate a T cell:
only happens through contact with an ____ ___ cell
antigen presenting
to activate a B cell:
___ antigen can activate them
soluble
CD__ __ T cells and B cells become activated in the lymph node following initial antigen exposure.
4+
T cells need antigen presenting cells, and are most effective if they have a ___ T cell
helper
CD4+ T cells and B cells become activated in the lymph node following initial ___ ___.
antigen exposure
CD___ __ T cells activated in lymph nodes via a multicellular interaction.
8+
CD8+ activated cells become ____cells
cytotoxic
cytotoxic response is also called the __ ___ response
cell mediated
CD8+ T cells activated in lymph nodes via a ___ ___
multicellular interaction
T and B cells work best when cross talking with a ___ cell presenting the antigen and a __ ___ cell
dendritic, T Helper
Naïve CD8+ T cells activation may require a three-cell interaction between an ___ that is binding to ___ and ___ T cells simultaneously.
APC, CD8+, CD4+
once cells are activated is to move to the infection site via the ___ lymphatic vessel.
efferent
Plasma cells travel to different sites.
* early ___ producers move to lymph node medulla.
* ___ producers often move to bone marrow.
* ___ producers localize to mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), especially at the gut.
IgM
IgG
IgA
Plasma cells travel to different sites.
* early IgM producers move to lymph node ___.
medulla
Plasma cells travel to different sites.
IgG producers often move to __ ___.
bone marrow
Plasma cells travel to different sites.
IgA producers localize to ___, especially at the gut.
MALT
___ and ___ T cells travel to multiple organs and sites of infection.
effector, memory
intracellular pathogens tend to trigger type __ responses.
1
____ pathogens tend to trigger type 1 responses.
intracellular
worms and large extracellular pathogens trigger type __ responses.
2
___ and ___ extracellular pathogens trigger type 2 responses.
worms, large
___ and some ___ trigger type 3 responses.
fungi, bacteria
Fungi and some bacteria trigger type ___ responses.
3
When a lymphocyte engages Ag, → ___ and ___.
proliferation, differentiation
within how much time do the B cells process and present antigens on their own MHC molecules.
hours
pathogen-specific antibodies are found within ___ days
10
at same time B cells are processing and presenting antigens on their own MHC molecules, the CD8+ T cells engage DCs and CD4+ T cells to differentiate into ___ ___.
cytotoxic lymphocytes
about ___ days for memory and cytotoxic cells to develop
7
resonate memory cells, once out in the body, stay in the ___ tissues
peripheral
____ receptors regulate immune cell travel to skin, gut, bone marrow, and other locations
Homing
Homing receptors regulate immune cell ___ to skin, gut, bone marrow, and other locations.
travel
___ cells are critical to secondary response to pathogen challenge
memory
___ cell populations increase over an individual’s lifetime and are dominant in older individuals.
memory
AICD stands for
activation induced cell death
During an immune response, lymphocytes can expand their population ____-fold.
1,000
Lymphocyte expansion is followed by contraction where only ____-___ of the lymphocyte pool remains.
5%-10%
PRRs trigger ___-____ cytokine production.
pro-inflammatory
T sub n stands for
Naive T cell
T sub e stands for
effector T cell
T sub em stands for
effector memory cell
T sub cm stands for
central memory cell
T sub rm stands for
resident memory cell
after leaving the secondary lymphoid tissue, T cells can travel to what 4 locations?
skin, lungs, bone marrow, intestines
0-5 days after infection is the ___ immune response
innate
5 days after infection is the ___ immune response
adaptive
the primary antibody immune response is from ___ to __ days
0-21 days
the secondary antibody immune response starts after __ days
21
the primary immune response is about __ cells
B
the secondary immune response is about __ cells
memory
