Drugs questions i got wrong Flashcards
What do low molecular weight heparins promote formation of?
Factor X/Antithrombin III complex
What does block of platelet ADP receptors by clopidogrel inhibit?
glycoprotein receptor mediated aggregation
NSTEMI events can be distinguished from unstable angina by the presence of:
blood markers
How might hypertrophic cardiomyopathy lead to diastolic dysfunction?
results in ventricle walls becoming thicker and stiffer
Cardiac glycosides contain the following chemical groups:
Lactone group
Steroid group
Sugar
steroids useful for treatment in bronchial asthma
- beclometasone
- budesonide
- prednisolone
what is bound to glucocorticoid receptors before they bind agonists?
Heat shock proteins
Give example of toxin that acts via the neuromuscular nAChR and the organism which produces it.
Epibatidine - Epipedobates tricolor - frog
Botulinum toxin - Clostridium botulinum
Give example of toxin that acts via acetylcholinesterase and the organism which produces it.
Huperzine A - chinese firmoss
Physostigma - produced by calabar bean
Give example of toxin that acts via the mAChR and the organism which produces it.
Tropane alkaloids (atropine, hyoscine) Produced by Jimson Weed and belladonna/Deadly nightshade.
How many points of attachment does Noradrenaline make with adrenergic receptors?
three, R-NA binds tighter than S-NA
What occurs upon receptor interaction with Gq?
IP3 conc. increases.
Causes release of calcium.
What stimulates Phospholipase C?
alpha q - GTP
What stimulates protein kinase A?
alpha s - GTP
Dopamine receptor is under which class
GPCR
nAChR is under which class
ligand -gated ion channel
GABAa receptors are under which class
ligand gated ion channel
Antagonists have zero potency
TRUE/FALSE
FALSE
Adrenoreceptor expressed in skeletal muscle?
Beta 2 adrenoreceptor
What naturally occurring platelet inhibitor is dipyridamole similar to?
Prostacylcin
What would a combination of atorvastatin and ezetimibe result in?
Reduced absorption of dietary cholesterol and reduced synthesis of cholesterol in the liver
What is a group of drugs that are agonists at the nuclear hormone receptor PPARα?
Fibrates
Drugs in class II of the VW system act primarily at …
β1 adrenoceptors
Noradrenaline differs from adrenaline in that it has
one fewer methyl group
An enzyme involved in the breakdown of monoamine neurotransmitters in the adrenaline synthesis pathway is
catechol-O-methyltransferase
What transport are
nicotinic acetylcholine receptors involved in
active transport of cations, powered by hydrolysis
NA reversing slowing of the heart produced by activation of mAChRs is an example of what type of antagonism.
Functional antagonism as NA itself is an agonist.
Blockade of which adrenoreceptor produces dilation of blood vessels
alpha 1
What is a naturally occurring inhibitor of the clotting cascade?
Heparin
What channel does ω-agatoxin block?
P-type channels.
Theophylline targets
adenosine receptors and phosphodiesterases
What drug can’t be used if a patient has hypokalaemia
Digoxin
How long after allergen contact before the inflammatory phase of bronchial asthma occurs
6 hours
Mast granules contain
Proteases
histamine
Late mediators required by mast cells
Prostaglandins
Leukotrienes
Where is ACE primarily produced?
Juxtaglomerular apparatus
What enzyme does aliskiren target?
Renin
clinical trial that demonstrated Ca2+channel blockers and ACE inhibitors to be superior to beta blockers and diuretics
ASCOT trial
Reynaud’s phenomenon can be precipitated by which class of antihypertensive drugs
Beta Blockers
Which drug class results in reduced levels of bradykinin?
ACE inhibitors
Where do local anaesthetics primarily act?
Sodium channels
Unfractionated heparins bind directly to
anti-thrombin III
factor IIa
thrombin
Glucocorticoid receptors are found where
NHRs found in the cytoplasm
anti-asthmatic effect of beclometasone is due to actions at what receptors
Intracellular hormone receptors
What receptor does theophylline antagonise?
adenosine A1 receptor
How does ezetimibe lower LDL levels?
Inhibit proteins in the gut
What AChR is gated by a neurotransmitter?
mAChR
Clinical trial that demonstrated the superiority of Ca channel blocking drugs over Beta blockers was the
ASCOT trial
