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Neuroscience > all drugs > Flashcards

all drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Adenosine

A

Naturally occurring, activates K+ channels causing a reduction in calcium efflux. Only used in emergency scenarios to treat arrhythmias.

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2
Q

Adrenaline

A

non-selective β-adrenoreceptor agonist used to treat asthma

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3
Q

Aldosterone

A

naturally occurring hormone used to treat asthma

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4
Q

Alteplase/reteplase

A

Thrombolytic drug used to treat ACS & heart failure. Activates plasminogen. Given shortly after stroke or HA.

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5
Q

Amiloride

A

K+ sparing diuretic. Acts on distal region of the lumen, blocking K+ channels. Often used in combination with ACE/ATII inhibitors.

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6
Q

Amiodarone

A

Class III, may also bind Na and Ca channels. Prolongs AP and refractory period, lowering heart rate. Used to treat WPW syndrome, atrial fibrillation & ventricular arrhythmia/tachycardia.

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7
Q

Amlodipine

A

L-type Ca channel blocker, causing arteriole and venous dilation. Not use-dependent. Increases preload and afterload volume and reduces peripheral resistance

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8
Q

Antithrombin III

A

Naturally occurring thrombin and Factor Xa inhibitor. Binds to form an inactive complex

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9
Q

Aspirin

A

Thrombolytic drug used in treatment of ACS and heart failure. Irreversibly inhibits COX I, preventing formation of TxA2, preventing aggregation and action of other platelets.

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10
Q

Atenolol

A

Competitive β1 antagonists, used to treat angina, safe in combination with antiasthma drugs. High water solubility and low lipid solubility, doesn’t disturb PNS.

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11
Q

Atorvastatin

A

statin used to treat high cholesterol levels. Targets HMG-CoA reductase

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12
Q

Atropine

A

mAChR antagonist. Antidysrhythmic drug.

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13
Q

Bendroflumethiazide

A

Thiazide diuretic used to treat heart failure by reducing peripheral and pulmonary oedema. Acts on distal convoluted tubule. Inhibits Na/Cl cotransporter, preventing NaCl from leaving the lumen.

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14
Q

Bisopolol

A

beta 1 antagonist, used to treat heart failure

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15
Q

Bumetanide

A

loop diuretic used to treat peripheral & pulmonary oedema following heart failure.

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16
Q

Candesartan

A

Thrombolytic drug, ATII inhibitor

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17
Q

Captopril

A

first ACE inhibitor, used to treat hypertension and cardiac failure. Acts by reducing pre and after load via suppression of the RAAS. Causes extreme hypotension and cough.

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18
Q

Chlorthalidone

A

Thiazide like diuretic

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19
Q

ACE inhibitors (-pril)

A

Antihypertensive drug, first line treatment. Inhibit action of ACE, preventing conversion of ATI to ATII.

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20
Q

Angiotensin II inhibitors

A

Antihypertensive drug. Inhibits ATII from binding ATIIR. Prevents constriction of blood vessels and reduces BP by decreasing peripheral resistance.

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21
Q

digoxin

A

Na+/K+ ATPase inhibitor used to treat ACS and heart failure. Blocks Ca2+ efflux from cell. Demonstrates positive inotropic effects, increasing force of heart rate without increasing oxygen demands. Secondary treatment with very narrow therapeutic window.

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22
Q

Diltiazem

A

Class IV antidysrhythmic drug, Ca2+ channel antagonist

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23
Q

Dipyridamole

A

Thrombolytic drug and vasodilator. Mimicks prostacyclin, and prevents breakdown of cAMP in platelets by inhibiting PDE6 enzyme, reducing aggregation.

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24
Q

α1-adrenoreceptor antagonists

A

Treats hypertension and heart failure. Causes vasodilation and decreases force of heart contraction.

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25
Q

Doxazosin

A

α1-adrenoreceptor antagonist used to treat hypertension and heart failure.

26
Q

Enoxaparin

A

Low mw heparin, affects factor Xa with immediate action lasting longer than normal heparins. Used to treat ACS and heart failure

27
Q

Ezetimibe

A

Thiazide diuretic. Also used to treat high LDL cholesterol levels by blocking transport proteins in the intestine. Often given with statins or instead of.

28
Q

Fibrates

A

Lipid lowering drugs, cause muscle inflammation and damage & renal damage.

29
Q

Fish oil

A

Used to treat plasma lipids but raises cholesterol levels.

30
Q

Frusemide

A

High ceiling Loop diuretic. Prescribed alongside spironolactone to prevent hypokalaemia. Also treats peripheral/pulmonary oedema caused by congestive heart failure by increasing loss of K+. Acts on NaK/2Cl transporter of the ascending limb to prevent reabsorption

31
Q

Glyceryl trinatre

A

Pro-drug used to treat stable angina attacks. Cant be taken orally.

32
Q

Heparin

A

Anticoagulant to be taken subcutaneously. Increases action of AntiThrombin III causing inactivation of thrombin, and factor Xa. Used to treat ACS and heart failure. Also activates lipoprotein lipase enzymes, which catalyse breakdown of lipids in plasma.

33
Q

Hydrocortisone

A

glucocorticoid with anti asthma mechanism

34
Q

Iosartan

A

ATII antagonist. Prevents constriction of blood vessels and reduces BP by decreasing peripheral resistance. Treats Hypertension and congestive heart failure.

35
Q

Ipratropium

A

mAChR antagonist in the lungs w/ a permanent +ve used to treat bronchial asthma. Inhaled. Decreases mucus secretions.

36
Q

Isoprenaline

A

Adrenaline derivative synthesized for high β2 selectively, used to treat asthma

37
Q

Isosorbide dinitrate

A

Long acting organic nitrate, tolerance can develop. causes vasodilation, used to treat stable angina, can be taken orally

38
Q

Lidocaine

A

Class I antidysrhythmic, used as a local anaesthetic. Blocks voltage-gated sodium channels. When unprotonated, can cross cell membrane. Has unwanted systemic effects including cardiac dysrhythmias, CNS depression and seizures. Treats tachycardia. Only used in emergency situations

39
Q

Lisinopril

A

ACE inhibitor used to treat hypertension and cardiac failure by reducing pre and after load. Suppresses RAAS.

40
Q

Losartan

A

ATII competitive antagonist. Causes vasodilation and reduces peripheral resistance.

41
Q

Montelukast

A

competitive antagonist at leukotriene receptors, add-on therapy used to treat asthma. Prevents inflammation.

42
Q

Nicoandril

A

vasodilatory organic nitrate used to treat stable angina

43
Q

Dihydropyridine

A

Calcium channel blocker used to treat stable angina and hypertension. Class IV.

44
Q

Nifedipine

A

Dihydropyridine drug, blocks L-type Ca channels. Use dependent, not suitable for dysrhytmias.

45
Q

Phenoxybenzamine

A

Diuretic. Irreversible α-adrenoreceptor antagonist. Also non-selectively binds to beta adrenoreceptors. Treats hypertension.

46
Q

Phentolamine

A

Non-selective beta-adrenoreceptor antagonist.

47
Q

Propanol

A

Beta blocker causing negative isotropic and chronotropic effects. Penetrates PNS.

48
Q

Prostacyclin

A

Thrombolytic drug, inhibits platelet aggregation

49
Q

Salbutamol

A

Beta 2 blocker causing bronchodilation and inhibition of mucus secretion. Short half life. Treats episodes of bronchoconstriction and asthma attacks.

50
Q

Spirinolactone

A

Weak potassium sparing diuretic, competitive antagonist of aldosterone. Inhibits Na/K ATPase.

51
Q

Streptokinase

A

Thrombolytic drug used to treat ACS and heart failure. Activates plasminogen. Restores blood supply if given shortly after stroke or HA

52
Q

Theobromine

A

α adrenoreceptor agonist for asthma. Exhibits bronchodilator effects.

53
Q

Theophylline

A

Xanthine used to treat asthma, non-selective α1, α2, α3 adrenoreceptor antagonist used to treat asthma. Narrow therapeutic window.

54
Q

Ticagrelor/clopidogrel

A

Thrombolytic drug used to treat ACS and heart failure, acts via glycoprotein IIb and IIa receptors. Blocking of ADP receptor.

55
Q

Verapimil

A

Use dependent L type calcium channel blocker, class IV antidysrhythmic drug, also prevents angina. More potent on heart than vascular smooth muscle. Acts on myocardium to exhibit negative chronotropic effects and arterial dilation, reducing cardiac work and oxygen demand.

56
Q

Warfarin

A

Oral thrombolytic drug, competitively inhibits vit k reductase and reduces vit k plasma levels, causes haemorrhage in overdose. Used to treat ACS and heart failure. Slow onset, long half life.

57
Q

Sodium channel antagonist

A

Class I antidysrhythmic drug. Treats tachycardias.

58
Q

Statins

A

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. Lowers LDL cholesterol. Used to treat atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease.

59
Q

Steroids

A

Reduce inflammation and causes bronchodilation, used to treat asthma.

60
Q

Thrombolytic drugs

A

Used to treat ACS and heart failure, by promoting the breakdown of thrombus.

Neuroscience (22 decks)

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