Dissection - Pelvis & Perineum in people with vaginas

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Question 9

What is the orientation of the uterus in each position?

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1 - anteverted (normal)

2 - retroverted (occurs ~ 20% people with uteruses)

3 - retroflexed, can interfere w/ defecation

Question 10

What is the broad ligament?

Answer 10

The sheet of peritoneum covering the uterus, uterine tubes, and ovaries. It has 3 subdivisions:

• Mesometrium = portion covering the uterus
• Mesosalpinx = suspends the uterine tube from the posterior wall
• Mesovarium = suspends the ovaries

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What is round ligament pain?

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What is a hysterectomy?

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What is tubal ligation?

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A type of permanent birth control is a tubal ligation, in which the uterine tubes are cut and cauterized, preventing an egg from reaching the uterus, and in theory, preventing sperm from reaching an egg. As you can imagine, this is a fairly invasive birth control method, especially compared to a vasectomy. Some people choose to have it performed during a C-section.

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What are ovarian cysts and ovarian torsion?

Answer 17

Ovaries often have cysts, which can be normal residual from ovulation, but can also be pathological, especially when the ovary has many cysts. Ovaries, like testicles, can twist around their blood supply, causing dangerous occlusion and ischemia

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The innervation of this area can look complicated, but just remember that most of the skeletal muscles in the perineum and the pelvic floor, including the external anal sphincter and external urethral sphincter, are innervated by S2-S4 (generally by branches of the pudendal n.).

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Question 26

What is the vulva?

Answer 26

In those born with vaginas, the clitoris and vestibular apparatus, together with several skin and tissue folds, are collectively known as the vulva

Question 27

Describe the sensory innervation to the perineum in women.

Answer 27

Most of the perineum gets sensory innervation from branches of the pudendal nerve.