DISORDERS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM PART 3.4 (based on T) Flashcards
Most common form of extrapulmonary TB in children. What is this form called?
Cervical Lymph Nodes (Scrofula)/TB Adenitis
What are the most frequent sites for cervical lymph node involvement in TB?
The nodes in the anterior triangle of the neck.
What happens to the cervical lymph nodes if left untreated?
They may either resolve or progress to necrosis and caseation, potentially rupturing and causing a draining sinus tract.
What is the most common type of TB affecting the nervous system?
TB Meningitis
How do tubercle bacilli reach the CNS in TB meningitis?
Through the bloodstream during lymphohematogenous spread.
What are the 3 stages of TB meningitis?
Early stage (irritability),
pressure or convulsive stage, and
paralytic or terminal stage.
What is the most common affected area in TB of the spine?
The vertebrae, especially the lower thoracic, upper lumbar, and lumbosacral vertebrae.
What are the common signs of TB of the spine (Pott’s Disease)?
Night cries, restless sleep, daily low-grade fever, and peculiar position or gait.
What physical exam finding is associated with TB of the spine?
Marked guarding due to dorsal spasm, gibbus, or reflex changes including clonus.
What is TB enteritis and how does it occur?
TB enteritis occurs after ingestion of tubercle bacilli or as part of generalized lymphohematogenous spread.
How common is TB of the pancreas?
It is a rare condition, occurring secondarily to generalized TB or in advanced cases.
Which skin lesion is associated with primary complex TB?
Scrofuloderma, which involves TB of the skin overlying a caseous lymph node.
What are the characteristics of erythema nodosum in TB?
Large, deep, painful, indurated nodules on the skin, particularly on thighs, elbows, and forearms.
What parts of the eye are often involved in ocular TB?
The conjunctiva and the cornea, resulting in conjunctivitis and phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis.
What are common symptoms of ocular TB?
Pain and photophobia, with lesions that may recur affecting one or both eyes.
What is the typical presentation of genitourinary tract TB?
Persistent painless sterile pyuria, albuminuria, hematuria, with a history of destructive pulmonary TB.
How does TB affect the middle ear?
It can cause chronic tympanic membrane perforation, ear drainage, and progressive hearing loss, often with facial nerve paralysis.
What is congenital TB associated with?
TB of the placenta or acquired in utero during labor or delivery.
What are the stages in the spectrum of tuberculosis?
TB Exposure, TB Infection, and TB Disease.
How is TB exposure defined?
A child has TB exposure if they have close contact with a TB source case but no signs or symptoms of TB, with negative TST and no radiologic findings.
How is TB infection defined?
A child with a positive TST but no symptoms or radiologic/laboratory evidence suggestive of TB.
How is TB disease defined?
A child who is symptomatic for TB with positive TST and/or radiologic or laboratory evidence suggestive of TB.
What should you ask in a careful history for diagnosing TB?
Family history of TB treatment, personal history, environmental history (including overcrowding), social history, and history of TB contact.
What are symptoms highly suggestive of TB?
Chronic, unremitting symptoms persisting for more than 2 weeks without improvement or resolution.