DISORDERS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM PART 1 (based on T) Flashcards
Signs of difficulty of breathing
Alar flaring, Retractions (Intercostal, Subcostal, Supraclavicular), Nasal Flaring and Substernal/Subcostal Retractions in Infant
Normal lung sounds
Bronchovesicular, Bronchial, Vesicular, Tracheal
Abnormal lung sounds (Continuous)
Wheezing (High-pitched, polyphonic wheeze; Low-pitched, monophonic wheeze), Stridor
Abnormal lung sounds (Discontinuous)
Crackles (Coarse crackles, Fine crackles)
Why is it important to specify the preparation of paracetamol in a prescription?
Because the preparation determines the dosage computation
Paracetamol preparations (Drops)
Available in different formulations
Paracetamol preparations (Syrup)
100 mg/ml, 120 mg/5 ml, 250 mg/5 ml, 125 mg/5 ml (government institutions)
Paracetamol preparations (Tablet)
500 mg (for adults)
Paracetamol preparations (Suppository)
125 mg, 250 mg
Paracetamol preparations (Ampoule)
150 mg/ml
Formula for paracetamol dosage
Weight (kg) x dose (mg/kg) ÷ preparation (mg/ml) = ml
Therapeutic dose of paracetamol
10-20 mg/kg/dose, lower limit (10 mg/kg) is preferred
Paracetamol dosing frequency
Every 4 hours
Amoxicillin preparations (Drops)
100 mg/ml
Amoxicillin preparations (Suspension)
125 mg/5 ml, 250 mg/5 ml
Amoxicillin preparations (Capsule)
250 mg/capsule, 500 mg/capsule
Therapeutic dose of amoxicillin
30-50 mg/kg/dose (lower limit preferred to avoid diarrhea)
Amoxicillin dosing frequency
Every 8 hours (divide total daily dose into 3)
Organs in the upper respiratory tract
Nose, Nasal cavity, Mouth, Sinuses, Throat (Pharynx), Voice box (Larynx), Windpipe (Trachea)
Organs in the lower respiratory tract
Lungs, Large airways (Bronchi), Small airways (Bronchioles), Air sacs (Alveoli)
Common causes of acute rhinitis
Viral infections: Rhinovirus, RSV, Coronavirus, Coxsackie virus, Enterovirus, Human metapneumovirus, Influenza virus, Parainfluenza virus, Adenovirus
Transmission of upper respiratory tract infections
Inhalation of aerosols, Direct contact with contaminated surfaces
Pathogenesis of RSV, Influenza virus, Adenovirus
Trigger inflammatory response by direct mucosal invasion and disruption of nasal epithelium
Incubation period of common colds
1-3 days