Digestive System

Question 1

Digestive System

Answer 1

breaking down food into usable nutrients

Question 2

macromolecules

Answer 2

1. carbohydrates
2. lipids (fatty acids)
3. proteins (amino acids)

Question 3

Digestion

Answer 3

mechanical “chewing”
chemical use of enzymes

Question 4

Alimentary Canal

Answer 4

mouth, pharnyx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, rectum, and anus

Question 5

Accessory Organs

Answer 5

liver, pancreas, gall bladder, salivary glands

Question 6

Mucosa Membrane

Answer 6

made up of epithelial tissue, some areas fold to increase surface area, has goblet cells

Question 7

Submucosa

Answer 7

made up of connective tissue, blood vessels, nerves, and glands. carry away absorbed materials

Question 8

Muscularis

Answer 8

made up of longitudinal and circular muscles, peristalsis (wave like motion to move food)

Question 9

Serosa/ Viseral Peritonium

Answer 9

excrete only fluid and helps lubricate canal

Question 10

Mastication

Answer 10

Chewing

Question 11

Salivary Glands

Answer 11

job is to manufacture saliva, amount increases the more you ingest, contains salivary amalyse, 99.5% of saliva is H2O

Question 12

Pharynx

Answer 12

throat region, connects mouth with esophagus

Question 13

Esophagus

Answer 13

food tube, found next to trachea, responsible for beginning peristalis “wave like contractions”, due to muscularis layer in canal

Question 14

GERD

Answer 14

gastroesophageal reflux disorder, “heart burn”

Question 15

Rugae

Answer 15

originate from mucosa and submucosa, breaks down food

Question 16

Pancreas

Answer 16

both endocrine and exocrine glands, secretes pancreatic juice, situated by small intestines and spleen

Question 17

Pancreatic Juice

Answer 17

helps digest carbs, proteins, fats, and nucleic acids

Question 18

Liver

Answer 18

filters toxins from blood, below diaphram, double blood supply, O2 rich blood from aorta, hepatic portal vein (blood seeping from digestive track), loads of smooth ER

Question 19

Liver Lobes

Answer 19

right lobe
left lobe
caudate lobe
quadrate lobe

Question 20

Function of Liver

Answer 20

stores glycogen
lipid/protein metabolism
secretes bile

Question 21

Bile

Answer 21

stored in gall bladder, contains salts, electrolytes, cholesterol, and bilirubin. high bilirubin = jaundice

Question 22

Small Intestine

Answer 22

connects to stomach and large intestine, recieves chyme (chewed up food), absorbs nutrients, full of goblet cells to produce mucus, villi found inside to increase surface area

Question 23

Large Intestine

Answer 23

not much digestion, but absorption of H2O, electrolytes, to form feces

Question 24

Appendicitis

Answer 24

inflammation of appendix, right side pain, fever

Question 25

Hemmorhoids

Answer 25

inflamed anal veins, bleeding results

Question 26

Dentition

Answer 26

study of teeth

Question 27

Baby Teeth

Answer 27

deciduous teeth, appears at 6 months

Question 28

Vitamin A

Answer 28

in liver, antioxidant, prevent oxidation, prevents free radicals

Question 29

Vitamin D

Answer 29

important for cancer prevention, development in teeth and bones,

Question 30

Vitamin E

Answer 30

good for heart health, maintain cell membrane

Question 31

Vitamin K

Answer 31

important for blood clotting

Question 32

Vitamin C

Answer 32

help in immunity, helps to absorb iron, helps to build collagen

Question 33

Diverticulitis

Answer 33

inflammation of mucosa, pouches form, collect feces, or food material

Question 34

Cronn’s

Answer 34

chronic bowel disorder, usually late 20s- 30s, auto immune disease

Question 35

Malnutrition

Answer 35

result from poor nutrition, unavailability of food
symptoms:
reduced growth
long time recovery for illness
delayed learning
loss of fat, muscles

Question 36

Anorexia

Answer 36

starving themselves for a better self image, low blood pressure, irregular heart beats

Question 37

Gastric Sleeve

Answer 37

remove 80% of stomach, not reversible

Question 38

Gastric Bypass

Answer 38

remove part of stomach, small intestine, not reversible

Question 39

Gastric Banding

Answer 39

reversible