Digestive System Flashcards
Digestive System
breaking down food into usable nutrients
macromolecules
- carbohydrates
- lipids (fatty acids)
- proteins (amino acids)
Digestion
mechanical “chewing”
chemical use of enzymes
Alimentary Canal
mouth, pharnyx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, rectum, and anus
Accessory Organs
liver, pancreas, gall bladder, salivary glands
Mucosa Membrane
made up of epithelial tissue, some areas fold to increase surface area, has goblet cells
Submucosa
made up of connective tissue, blood vessels, nerves, and glands. carry away absorbed materials
Muscularis
made up of longitudinal and circular muscles, peristalsis (wave like motion to move food)
Serosa/ Viseral Peritonium
excrete only fluid and helps lubricate canal
Mastication
Chewing
Salivary Glands
job is to manufacture saliva, amount increases the more you ingest, contains salivary amalyse, 99.5% of saliva is H2O
Pharynx
throat region, connects mouth with esophagus
Esophagus
food tube, found next to trachea, responsible for beginning peristalis “wave like contractions”, due to muscularis layer in canal
GERD
gastroesophageal reflux disorder, “heart burn”
Rugae
originate from mucosa and submucosa, breaks down food
Pancreas
both endocrine and exocrine glands, secretes pancreatic juice, situated by small intestines and spleen
Pancreatic Juice
helps digest carbs, proteins, fats, and nucleic acids
Liver
filters toxins from blood, below diaphram, double blood supply, O2 rich blood from aorta, hepatic portal vein (blood seeping from digestive track), loads of smooth ER
Liver Lobes
right lobe
left lobe
caudate lobe
quadrate lobe
Function of Liver
stores glycogen
lipid/protein metabolism
secretes bile
Bile
stored in gall bladder, contains salts, electrolytes, cholesterol, and bilirubin. high bilirubin = jaundice
Small Intestine
connects to stomach and large intestine, recieves chyme (chewed up food), absorbs nutrients, full of goblet cells to produce mucus, villi found inside to increase surface area
Large Intestine
not much digestion, but absorption of H2O, electrolytes, to form feces
Appendicitis
inflammation of appendix, right side pain, fever
Hemmorhoids
inflamed anal veins, bleeding results
Dentition
study of teeth
Baby Teeth
deciduous teeth, appears at 6 months
Vitamin A
in liver, antioxidant, prevent oxidation, prevents free radicals
Vitamin D
important for cancer prevention, development in teeth and bones,
Vitamin E
good for heart health, maintain cell membrane
Vitamin K
important for blood clotting
Vitamin C
help in immunity, helps to absorb iron, helps to build collagen
Diverticulitis
inflammation of mucosa, pouches form, collect feces, or food material
Cronn’s
chronic bowel disorder, usually late 20s- 30s, auto immune disease
Malnutrition
result from poor nutrition, unavailability of food
symptoms:
reduced growth
long time recovery for illness
delayed learning
loss of fat, muscles
Anorexia
starving themselves for a better self image, low blood pressure, irregular heart beats
Gastric Sleeve
remove 80% of stomach, not reversible
Gastric Bypass
remove part of stomach, small intestine, not reversible
Gastric Banding
reversible
