Bones

Question 1

5 Basics of Bones

Answer 1

1. Support
2. Protection
3. Mineral Deposit (Calcium, Phosphorus)
4. Tryglyceride Storage (holds fat, deposit inside bone, Adipose yellow marrow, develops with age

Question 2

Long Bone

Answer 2

longer than wider, ex: femur, ulna

Question 3

Short Bone

Answer 3

ex: carpals (wrist), tarsal (ankle)

Question 4

Irregular

Answer 4

ex: vertebrae, sacrum

Question 5

Flat Bones

Answer 5

ex: sternum, ribs

Question 6

Sesmoid

Answer 6

formed out of tendons, ex patella (kneecap) found in wrist/ankle

Question 7

Bone Cell

Answer 7

Osseous

Question 8

Osteogenic Cells

Answer 8

stem cells (ability to change into any type of cell), only cell that undergos cell division, found in periosteum, endosteum, and in bone canals where there is blood

Question 9

Osteoblasts

Answer 9

bone building cells, secrete collagen fibers, mineral salts (calcium, phosphorus), start calcification (bone hardening)

Question 10

Osteocyte

Answer 10

mature bone cells, maintain bone integrity, take in nutrient, get rid of waste via cell membrane

Question 11

Osteoclast

Answer 11

formed from 50+ blood cells (white blood cells), ability to secrete enzymes that help bone remodeling, found in endosteum

Question 12

Compact Bone

Answer 12

basic unit, osteons (rods),
heavy bone type

Question 13

Spongy Bone

Answer 13

lighter, made up of trabeculae, filled with red marrow (produces red blood cells)

Question 14

Interstitial Lamellae

Answer 14

fragments of old bone

Question 15

Zone of Proliferating Cartilage

Answer 15

made of large chondrocytes, area of cell division

Question 16

Zone of Hypertrophy

Answer 16

mature cartilage cells

Question 17

Zone of Calcified Cartilage

Answer 17

made of dead cells that connect metaphysis to diaphysis

Question 18

How do bones grow

Answer 18

they grow in thickness from cells that get added from the periosteum

Question 19

Intramembranous Ossification

Answer 19

flat bones of the skull, embryonic tissue (mesenchyme) evolves directly into bone with the help of osteoblast, ex: mandible (jaw), clavicle

Question 20

Endochondral Ossification

Answer 20

bone hardening of all other bone, mesenchyme (embryonic), involves osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts

Question 21

What are in fetus’ bones?

Answer 21

hyaline cartilage

Question 22

Diaphysis

Answer 22

made up of entirely compact bone

Question 23

Red Marrow

Answer 23

site of blood formation

Question 24

Periosteum

Answer 24

fibrous membrane that covers the bone

Question 25

Epiphysis

Answer 25

scientific term for bone end

Question 26

Yellow Marrow

Answer 26

contains fat in adult bones