Bones Flashcards
5 Basics of Bones
- Support
- Protection
- Mineral Deposit (Calcium, Phosphorus)
- Tryglyceride Storage (holds fat, deposit inside bone, Adipose yellow marrow, develops with age
Long Bone
longer than wider, ex: femur, ulna
Short Bone
ex: carpals (wrist), tarsal (ankle)
Irregular
ex: vertebrae, sacrum
Flat Bones
ex: sternum, ribs
Sesmoid
formed out of tendons, ex patella (kneecap) found in wrist/ankle
Bone Cell
Osseous
Osteogenic Cells
stem cells (ability to change into any type of cell), only cell that undergos cell division, found in periosteum, endosteum, and in bone canals where there is blood
Osteoblasts
bone building cells, secrete collagen fibers, mineral salts (calcium, phosphorus), start calcification (bone hardening)
Osteocyte
mature bone cells, maintain bone integrity, take in nutrient, get rid of waste via cell membrane
Osteoclast
formed from 50+ blood cells (white blood cells), ability to secrete enzymes that help bone remodeling, found in endosteum
Compact Bone
basic unit, osteons (rods),
heavy bone type
Spongy Bone
lighter, made up of trabeculae, filled with red marrow (produces red blood cells)
Interstitial Lamellae
fragments of old bone
Zone of Proliferating Cartilage
made of large chondrocytes, area of cell division
Zone of Hypertrophy
mature cartilage cells
Zone of Calcified Cartilage
made of dead cells that connect metaphysis to diaphysis
How do bones grow
they grow in thickness from cells that get added from the periosteum
Intramembranous Ossification
flat bones of the skull, embryonic tissue (mesenchyme) evolves directly into bone with the help of osteoblast, ex: mandible (jaw), clavicle
Endochondral Ossification
bone hardening of all other bone, mesenchyme (embryonic), involves osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts
What are in fetus’ bones?
hyaline cartilage
Diaphysis
made up of entirely compact bone
Red Marrow
site of blood formation
Periosteum
fibrous membrane that covers the bone
Epiphysis
scientific term for bone end
Yellow Marrow
contains fat in adult bones
