cells Flashcards
What scientific tool is needed to view items like…
-atom
-amino acids
-protein
-ribosomes
-virus
-small bacteria
electron microscope
What scientific tool is needed to view items like…
-Epithelial cell
-nucleus
-chloroplast
-typical bacteria
-human egg
light microscope
What is needed to view items like…
-frog egg
-chicken egg
-some nerve cells
-adult human
human eye
Two significant advantages of light microscope (LM)
-specimen can be observed in color
-can be observed alive
Two categories of cells
-prokaryote
-eukaryote
explain prokaryotes
-small
-lacks most organelles
-cells divide by fission
-called microbes (single cell organism)
explain eukaryote
-large
-contain assorted organelles
-Cells divide by meiosis and mitosis
-DNA is packed in chromosomes
example of prokaryote and why
E. coli
-most prokaryotes are bacteria
-prokaryotes lack endomembrane systems
The earth is dominated by what group of cells?
prokaryotes (maintain the function of living earth)
why are prokaryotes good?
-regulators
-important contributors to our food production
-help recycle dead skin, digestion, and disease prevention
an example of eukaryote
euglena
about eukaryote cells
-have membranous structures, containing the nucleus
-often called organelles
-do tasks that are necessary to sustaining a functioning cell
the control center of a cell
nucleus
the assembly line of a cell
endoplasmic reticulum
the structure of a cell
cytoskeleton
the powerhouse of a cell
mitochondria
the cleaning crew of cells
lysosomes
the security gate of cells
cell membrane
the workbenches of a cell
ribosomes
the distribution center of a cell
Golgi apparatus
what does the cell membrane do
-transports particles
-communicates with other cells
-controls passage of molecules
explain nucleus
-brain center of cell
-stores dna
-organize activity of genes
-produces ribosomes*
-transports RNA (biomolecule)
explain endoplasmic reticulum
-often largest organelles
-transports and stores chemical products
the two types of ER
-smooth
-rough
explain ribosomes
-found in all cells
-production of protein
-made of protein (RNA)
-found in prokaryote too
expain Golgi apparatus
-package and distribution center
-collect, modify, organize chemical products
-sort molecules
explain mitochondria
-powerhouse of the cell
-where digestion of food chemicals occurs
where are chloroplast found
plant cells
three types of vesicles
-lysosomes
-peroxisomes
-vacuoles
important cytoskeleton elements
-microfiliments
-intermediate filaments
-microtubules
what do cytoskeletons do?
provide structure and function
what do microtubules organize into during cell division
spindle
what does MAPs stand for and alternate name
-microtubule association proteins
-motor proteins
what do transport monorails consist of
-microtubule
-motor proteins
-transport vesicles
what are cilia
-strand like
-organized extensions of microtubules
where is the extracellular matrix seen
-in tissues
-especially animals
T or F
cells come in many forms and shapes
T
function determines?
which cells have which organelles
similar cells form…
tissues
explain plant cells
-usually one nucleus, can have multiple
-large central vacuole
-mitochondria and plastids
-no centrioles
-cell wall
explain animal cell
-single nucleus
-many small vacuoles
-mitochondria only
-have centrioles
-no cell wall
how are cells packed
densely
