cell respiration

Question 1

autotrophs

Answer 1

able to produce their own organic molecules through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis

Question 2

heterotrophs

Answer 2

use organic compounds produced by other organisms to generate cell energy

Question 3

oxidation

Answer 3

reaction reaction are catalyzed by a dehydrogenase

Question 4

glycolysis (aerobic respiration)

Answer 4

• split glucose into two 3 carbon molecules (pyruvate)
• occurs into cytoplasm and produces only 2 ATP
• forms pyruvate and some ATP via substrate level phosphorylation
• the ten steps occur in the cytoplasm all cells (prokaryotes and eukaryotes)
• the end product is always pyruvate, 2 ATP and 2 NADH

Question 5

krebs cycle

Answer 5

• collects electrons from pyruvate converting it into CO2
• occurs in mitochondria and produce little ATP
• also called the citric acid cycle

Question 6

electron transport

Answer 6

• collected electrons move through membrane proteins that generate ATP via CHEMIOSMOSIS
• occurs along inner mitochondrial membrane
• over 30 ATP are produced here

Question 7

fermentation

Answer 7

recycles NADH to ensure a continuous supply of NADH to keep glycolysis going

Question 8

alcoholic fermentation

Answer 8

occurs in bacteria and fungi

Question 9

lactic acid fermentation

Answer 9

occurs in animal muscles but also in some fungi and bacteria

Question 10

matrix metabolism

Answer 10

• occurs in inner enzymatic fluid space of mitochondria
• pyruvate diffuses in mitochondria and is incorporated into a colic enzyme driven reaction that systematically collects electrons and protons from molecules
• CO2 released
• 2 ATP produced

Question 11

the citric acid cycle

Answer 11

• fully oxidizes acetyl molecules in CO2
• CO2 diffuses away
• substrate levels phosphorylation
• starting molecule of oxaloacetate is recycled
• diffuses toward inner membrane of mitochondria
• produces some GTP