Diabetes Type 2 Flashcards
1
Q
What is T2D?
A
reduced insulin secretion and elevated insulin
resistance on a background of a pro-inflammatory state
2
Q
What are risk factors for T2D?
A
- genetics
- obesity
3
Q
What is insulin resistance?
A
failure of target tissues to respond normally to insulin – primarily at the liver, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue.
4
Q
What does insulin resistance result in?
A
- failure to inhibit endogenous gluconeogenesis
- failure of glucose uptake
5
Q
What signs and symptoms of T2D?
A
- polyuria
- polydipsia
- frequent infections
- hyperglycaemia
- diabetic complications
6
Q
What are diabetic complications?
A
- Visual deterioration
- Blurred vision
- Neuropathic numbness / paresthesias
- Angina
- Claudication
- Impotence
- poor healing
7
Q
What is the diagnosis of T2D?
A
- FBG > 7.0mmol/L
- HbA1C > 48 mmol/mol (6.5%)
- Clinical signs + random blood glucose level > 11.1mmol/L
- Oral glucose tolerance test > 11.1mmol/L
8
Q
What is the therapy for T2D?
A
- weight loss
- exercise
- metformin
- oral anti-diabetic agents
