Cerebral Palsy Flashcards
What is cerebral palsy?
not a single diagnosis but an “umbrella” term describing nonprogressive brain lesions involving motor or postural abnormalities that are noted during early development
What is cerebral palsy classified?
according to resting tone and what limbs are involved
What are the classification types of cerebral palsy?
- spastic cerebral palsy (80%)
- extrapyramidal cerebral palsy (15%)
- ataxic cerebral palsy (5%)
What is the presentation of cerebral palsy?
can present after failing to meet expected developmental milestones or failing to suppress obligatory primitive reflexes, include:
- Mental retardation
- Ophthalmologic and hearing impairments -Speech and language disorders
- Oromotor dysfunction
What is the aetiology of cerebral palsy?
The clinical presentation of cerebral palsy may result from an underlying structural abnormality of the brain, Evidence suggests that prenatal factors result in 70-80% of cases of cerebral palsy. In most cases, the exact cause is unknown but is most likely multifactorial.
What are the risk factors of cerebral palsy?
- premature birth
- being a twin
- infections during pregnancy such as toxoplasmosis or rubella
What is the pathophysiology of spastic CP?
-hypertonic and is essentially an upper motor neurone lesion
What is the pathophysiology of extrapyramidal CP?
-damage occurs to extrapyramidal motor system and basal ganglia
How is CP diagnosed?
person’s history and physical examination. A general movements assessment, which involves measuring movements that occur spontaneously among those less than four months of age, appears to be most accurate
What are DDx?
metabolic and genetic diseases, hereditary spastic paraplegias, Rett syndrome,
What is the management of CP?
individualized based on the child’s clinical presentation and requires a multidisciplinary approach, involving physio, speech therapy, rehab physicians
