Day 5 Flashcards
Which antibiotics are most likely to cause pseudomembranous colitis?
Cephalosporins
Start IV fluid resuscitation in children or young people with a bolus of __ ml/kg over less than __ minutes
20
10
Features of organophosphate poisoning
SLUD S- alivation L- acrimation U- rination D- efecation/diarrhoea
Management of organophosphate poisoning
atropine
Haemarthrosis without trauma
haemophilia A and B
Features of roseola infantum
- high grade fever which resolves before onset of rash
- trunk and then spread to limbs
- non-itchy maculopapular rash
What happens in sick euthyroid syndrome?
everything (TSH, thyroxine, and T3) is low
Situations where oxygen therapy should not be used routinely if no evidence of hypoxia
- MI and ACS
- stroke
- obstetric emergencies
- anxiety-related hyperventilation
ewings sarcoma
malignant tumour that occurs most frequently in the diaphysis of the pelvis and long bones- onion skin
chondrosarcoma
malignant tumour of cartilage, which most commonly affects the axial skeleton and not the diaphysis of long bones. This type of tumour is also more common in middle-age.
Giant cell tumour
This is a benign tumour of multinucleated giant cells which occurs most frequently in the epiphyses of long bones and shows a ‘double-bubble’ or ‘soap bubble’ appearance on x-ray. more commonly seen in patients aged 20-40 years old.
Osteochondroma
most common benign bone tumour and while it is most in males aged under 20 years old, it often presents with cartilage-capped bony projection on the external surface of a bone
Osteosarcoma
This is the most common primary malignant bone tumour and while it also is seen mainly in children and adolescents, it occurs most frequently in the metaphyseal region of long bones prior to epiphyseal closure. It also shows a ‘sunburst’ pattern on x-ray and is most commonly associated with mutations in the retinoblastoma gene (and hence retinoblastoma tumours).
What to do if alendronate cannot be tolerated
change to risedronate or etridronate
Management of myasthenic crisis
intravenous immunoglobulin, plasma electrophoresis
induce remission of Crohn’s disease
Glucocorticoids (oral, topical or intravenous)
mpaired hypoglycaemia awareness occurs due to
neuropathy of parts of the autonomous nervous system
Management of ascites
- reducing dietary sodium
- fluid restriction sometimes if sodium <125mmol/L
- aldosterone antagonists- spironolactone
- drainage
- prophylactic antibiotics 15g/L or less
- TIPS
Peptic ulceration, galactorrhoea, hypercalcaemia
MEN I
investigation for leptospira
serology- +ve after 7 days
PCR
culture
management of leptospirosis
high-dose benzylpenicillin or doxycycline
Features of fragile X
Features in males > learning difficulties > large low set ears, long thin face, high arched palate > macroorchidism > hypotonia > autism is more common > mitral valve prolapse
STEMI management: for patients undergoing PCI, following dual antiplatelet therapy, patients are also given …..
unfractionated heparin with bailout glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor (GPI) if radial access used
Most common site of diverticula
sigmoid colon
After the first VTE, patients with antiphospholipid syndrome should be on ….
lifelong warfarin
hyperpigmentation of the palmar creases
addisons
Nicorandil is most useful in the management of:
angina
