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Finals Revision > 07/06 > Flashcards

07/06 Flashcards

1
Q

aortic vs pulmonary stenosis

A

pulmonary is louder on inspiration

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2
Q

posterior MI ECG changes

A

tall R waves in leads V1-3

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3
Q

CHADSVAC score

A 
C- ongestive HF (1)
H- ypertension ( or treated hypertension) (1)
A2 age >75 (2)
      age 65-74 (1)
D- iabetes (1)
S2- prior stroke or TIA (2)
V- ascular disease (IHD, PAD) (1)
S- ex (female) (1)

0 = no treatment
1= males- consider anticoag, females (no treatment)
2 or more = coagulation

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4
Q

how to differentiate between ascending/descending aortic dissection?

A

descending= normal heart sounds

ascending= aortic regurgitation

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5
Q

signs of right sided heart failure

A

raised JVP
ankle oedema
hepatomegaly

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6
Q

normal range LVEF

A

55-70%

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7
Q

when are regional wall abnormalities seen

A

infarction

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8
Q

acute management of SVT

A

vagal maneovures
IV adenosine 6, 12, 12 (verapamil in asthmatics)
cardioversion

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9
Q

MOA of statin

A

inhibit HMG-CoA reductase- the rate limiting enzyme in hepatic cholesterol synthesis

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10
Q

hypokalaemia ECG findingd

A

U waves
T waves have sine appearace
prolonged QTc
borderline PR

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11
Q

antihypertensives to be avoided in diabetes

A

thiazides

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12
Q

1st line anti-anginal for stable angine in a patient with known heart failure

A

atenolol

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13
Q

pulsus paradoxus

A

fall in systolic BP of >10mmHg during inspiration- asthma + cardiac tamponade

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14
Q

slow rising pulse

A

aortic stenosis

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15
Q

jerky pulse

A

HOCM

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16
Q

pulsus alterans

A

regular alteration of the force of the arterial pulse- left ventricular failure

17
Q

management of dyspnoea and anxiety in acute exacerbation of HF

A

morphine

18
Q

ECG in wpw

A

Possible ECG features include:
> short PR interval
> wide QRS complexes with a slurred upstroke - ‘delta wave’
> left axis deviation if right-sided accessory pathway*
> right axis deviation if left-sided accessory pathway*

19
Q

medical treatment WPW

A

definitive treatment: radiofrequency ablation of the accessory pathway

medical therapy: sotalol, amiodarone, flecainide

sotalol should be avoided if there is coexistent atrial fibrillation

20
Q

Complete heart block following an inferior MI is NOT an indication for ….

A

pacing, unlike with an anterior MI

21
Q

NSAIDs ______ PDA and prostaglandins _____ PDA

A

close

open

22
Q

management of asystole

A

ALS- CPR + check rhythm every two minutes + adrenaline every 3-5 minutes

23
Q

Management of NSTEMI

A

aspirin 300mg
fondaparinux if no immediate PCI planned

estimate 6-month mortality

if low risk- give ticagrelor
if immediate/high risk - give prasugrel or tecagrelor and unfractionated heparinq

24
Q

side effects of nitrates

A

hypotension
tachycardia
headaches
flushing

25
Q

what should be used when ACEi cant be tolerated

A

<55 = ARB

26
Q

NYHA classification

A 
I= no symptoms, no limitation
II= mild symptoms, slight limitation
III= moderate symptoms, marked limitation (less than ordinary activity)
IV= severe symptoms, pain at rest
27
Q

hypothermia ECG

A 
bradycardia
J wave
1st degree HB
long QT
atrial and ventricular arrythmias
28
Q

b blocker reducing mortality in HF

A

bisoprolol

29
Q

glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist

A

abciximab
eptifibatide
tirofiban

30
Q

adrenaline in ACS

A

non-shockable= ASAP, then alternate cycles

shockable= after 3rd shock, alternating cycles

31
Q

amiodarone in ACS

A

given after third shock and considered after 5 shocks

32
Q

_____ must be temporarily stopped when a macrolide antibiotic is started

A

statins

33
Q

most common valve affected in encarditis

A

mitral valve

2) aortic
3) combined mitral + aortic
4) tricuspid
5) pulmonary

34
Q

signs of neurally mediated syncope

A

prodrome- sweating, pallor, N&V

transient LOC

35
Q

when should ACEi be stopped in patients with CKD

A

K >6

36
Q

long term management post-MI

A 
ABCDs
ACEi
Beta Blocker
Cholesterol lowering agent (Statin)
Dual antiplatelet therapy
37
Q

pulse deficit in aortic dissection

A

In aortic dissection, a pulse deficit may be seen:
> weak or absent carotid, brachial, or femoral pulse
>variation in arm BP

38
Q

STEMI management: if patient is having PCI then _____ is given in _____ __ _____. If patient is on an anticoagulant then ________ used instead

A

STEMI management: if patient is having PCI then aspirin is given in addition to aspirin. If patient is on an anticoagulant then clopidogrel used instead

39
Q

de musset

A

head bobbing in aortic stenosis

Finals Revision (29 decks)

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