20/05 Flashcards by Olivia McNee

Long term prophylaxis of cluster headache

verapamil

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management of acute cluster headache

100% oxygen

subcutaenous triptan

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Names of SGLT2 inhibitors

dapagliflozin

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MOA of SGLT2 inhibitors

prevent the resorption of glucose from the proximal renal tubule, resulting in more glucose being secreted from the urine

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side effect of SGLT2 inhibitors

thrush

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1st line treatment for ITP

oral prednisolone

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when is pulmonary stenosis louder?

inspiration

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ejection systolic murmurs

louder on expiration

aortic stenosis
HOCM

Louder on inspiration

pulmonary stenosis
atrial septal defect

TOF

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holosystolic murmur

mitral/tricuspid regurgitation
- tricuspid regurg becomes louder during inspiration
VSD

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late systolic murmur

mitral valve prolapse

coarctation of aorta

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early diastolic murmus

aortic regurg

graham-steel (pulmonary regurg)

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mid-late diastolic murmur

mitral stenosis

austin flint

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continuous murmur

PDA

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features of phaeochromocytoma

hypertension
headaches
palpitations
sweating
anxiety

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tests for phaeochromocytoma

24hr urine collection of metanephrines

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management of phaeochromocytoma

alpha blocker (phenoxybenzamine)

- beta-blocker

treatment of pneumonia in children

amoxicillin

macrolides added if no response

macrolides if mycoplasma or chlamydia

regurgitation of foul smelling liquid

pharyngeal pouch

renal failure, sensorineural hearing loss, ocular abnormalities

alports

side effect of hydroxychloroquine

severe and permanent retinopathy

Raised ALP in presence of normal LFTs

bone cancer/mets

assessment of frailty

gait speed, self reported health status, PRISMA- 7

management of perthes

keep femoral head in acetabulum: cast, braces
if less than 6 years old= observation
older= surgical management with moderate results
operate on severe deformities

most common causes of cardiac arrest in children

respiratory

management of gonorrhoea if cannot use IM ______

if cant use IM ceftriaxone, then a combination of oral cefixime + oral azithromycin

hyponatraemia hyperkalaemia hypoglycaemia

addisonian crisis

cause of addisonian crisis

sepsis or surgery causing an acute exarbation of chronic insufficiency adrenal haemorrhage eg Waterhouse-friderichsen syndrome (fulminant meningococcemia) steroid withdrawal

management of addisonian crisis

hydrocortisone 100mg im or iv 1 litre normal saline infused over 30-60mins or with dextrose if hypoglycaemic continue hydrocortisone 6 hourly until patient is stable no fludrocortisone is required because high cortisol exerts weak mineralocorticoid action oral replacement may begin after 24 hours and be reduced to maintenance over 3-4 days

Type 1 respiratory failure

low pO2, no CO2 retention

Type 2 respiratory failure

low pO2, high pCO2

contraindication to triptan use

cardiovascular disease

treatment for vestibular neuronitis

vestibular rehabilitation exercvises

horizontal nystagmus

vestibular neuronitis

features of vestibular neuronitis

- recurrent vertigo attacks lasting hours or days - nausea and vomiting may be present - horizontal nystagmus is usually present - no hearing loss or tinnitus

causes of raised prolactin - the p's

pregnancy prolactinoma physiological polycystic ovarian syndrome primary hypothyroidism phenothiazines, metoclopramide, domperidone

hyperarrhythmia on EEG

infantile spasms (West's syndrome)