20/05 Flashcards
Long term prophylaxis of cluster headache
verapamil
management of acute cluster headache
100% oxygen
subcutaenous triptan
Names of SGLT2 inhibitors
dapagliflozin
MOA of SGLT2 inhibitors
prevent the resorption of glucose from the proximal renal tubule, resulting in more glucose being secreted from the urine
side effect of SGLT2 inhibitors
thrush
1st line treatment for ITP
oral prednisolone
when is pulmonary stenosis louder?
inspiration
ejection systolic murmurs
louder on expiration
- aortic stenosis
- HOCM
Louder on inspiration
- pulmonary stenosis
- atrial septal defect
TOF
holosystolic murmur
mitral/tricuspid regurgitation
- tricuspid regurg becomes louder during inspiration
VSD
late systolic murmur
mitral valve prolapse
coarctation of aorta
early diastolic murmus
aortic regurg
graham-steel (pulmonary regurg)
mid-late diastolic murmur
mitral stenosis
austin flint
continuous murmur
PDA
features of phaeochromocytoma
hypertension headaches palpitations sweating anxiety
tests for phaeochromocytoma
24hr urine collection of metanephrines
management of phaeochromocytoma
- alpha blocker (phenoxybenzamine)
- beta-blocker
treatment of pneumonia in children
amoxicillin
macrolides added if no response
macrolides if mycoplasma or chlamydia
regurgitation of foul smelling liquid
pharyngeal pouch
renal failure, sensorineural hearing loss, ocular abnormalities
alports
side effect of hydroxychloroquine
severe and permanent retinopathy
Raised ALP in presence of normal LFTs
bone cancer/mets
assessment of frailty
gait speed, self reported health status, PRISMA- 7
management of perthes
- keep femoral head in acetabulum: cast, braces
- if less than 6 years old= observation
- older= surgical management with moderate results
- operate on severe deformities
most common causes of cardiac arrest in children
respiratory
management of gonorrhoea if cannot use IM ______
if cant use IM ceftriaxone, then a combination of oral cefixime + oral azithromycin
hyponatraemia
hyperkalaemia
hypoglycaemia
addisonian crisis
cause of addisonian crisis
sepsis or surgery causing an acute exarbation of chronic insufficiency
adrenal haemorrhage eg Waterhouse-friderichsen syndrome (fulminant meningococcemia)
steroid withdrawal
management of addisonian crisis
hydrocortisone 100mg im or iv
1 litre normal saline infused over 30-60mins or with dextrose if hypoglycaemic
continue hydrocortisone 6 hourly until patient is stable
no fludrocortisone is required because high cortisol exerts weak mineralocorticoid action
oral replacement may begin after 24 hours and be reduced to maintenance over 3-4 days
Type 1 respiratory failure
low pO2, no CO2 retention
Type 2 respiratory failure
low pO2, high pCO2
contraindication to triptan use
cardiovascular disease
treatment for vestibular neuronitis
vestibular rehabilitation exercvises
horizontal nystagmus
vestibular neuronitis
features of vestibular neuronitis
- recurrent vertigo attacks lasting hours or days
- nausea and vomiting may be present
- horizontal nystagmus is usually present
- no hearing loss or tinnitus
causes of raised prolactin - the p’s
pregnancy
prolactinoma
physiological
polycystic ovarian syndrome
primary hypothyroidism
phenothiazines, metoclopramide, domperidone
hyperarrhythmia on EEG
infantile spasms (West’s syndrome)
