. Flashcards by Olivia McNee

motion to exacerbate lateral epiconylitis

wrist extension against resistance with the elbow extended or supination of the forearm with the elbow extended

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Diagnostic test for meniscal tears

MRI

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what are the centor criteria

presence of tonsilar exudate
tender anterior cervical lymphadenopathy or lymphadenitis
history of fever
absence of cough

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Management of gastroschisis

vaginal delivery may be attempted

newborns should go to theatre ASAP

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Management of exomphalos

> caesarean section - reduce risk of sac rupture

>staged repair

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bilobed nucleus and prominent eosinophilic inclusion-like nuclei

reed stenberg cells

classical feature of hodgkins lymphoma

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who gets CMV negative packed red cells

pregnant patients

neonatal transfusions

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why do patients with HL get irradiated red cells

prevent the risk of developing transfusion-related GVHD

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modifiable risk factor for thyroid eye disease

smoking

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cause of exopthalmos

autoimmune response against an autoantigen, possibly the TSH receptor -> retro-orbital inflammation

inflammation results in glycosaminoglycan and collagen deposition in the muscles

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normalising clotting prior to decannulation after cardiac bypass

protamine sulphate

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when should bisphosphonate treatment be reassessed

after 5 year period, reassessed for ongoing treatment with updated FRAX and DEXA

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diagnostic criteria for rheumatic fever

Evidence of recent streptococcal infection.

2 major or 1 major + 2 minor
Major;
- erythema marginatum
- sydenham's chorea
- polyarthritis
- carditis and valvulitis
- subcutaneous nodules

Minor;

raised ESR or CRP
pyrexia
arthralgia
prolonged PR interval

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management of rheumatic fever

antibiotics: oral penicillin V

NSAIDs

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Most common organism found in central line infections

staph epidermidis

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features of normal pressure hydrocephalus

urinary incontinence
gait abnormality
dementia

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what causes normal pressure hydrocephalus

reduced CSF absorption in arachnoid villi

- SAH, head injury, meningitis

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associated with perthes disease

hyperactivity and short stature

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delivery in IHCP

IOL at 37-38 weeks

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most common cause of osteomyelitis

staph aureus

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indication for corticosteroid treatment in sarcoidosis

parenchymal lung disease
uveitis
hypercalcaemia
neurological signs
cardiac signs

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management of patients with raised ICP

head elevation to 30
IV mannitol
controlled hyperventilation
removal of CSF

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Cancer patient with VTE

6 months of DOAC

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Management of DVT/PE in pregnancy

S/C LMWH

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Dabigatran MOA

direct thrombin inhibitor

rivaroxaban MOA

direct factor Xa inhibitor

heparin MOA

activates antithrombin III

warfarin MOA

inhibits factors II, VII, IX, and X

presentation of acute chest syndrome

``` dyspnoea chest pain cough hypoxia new pulmonary infiltrates ```

treatment of acute chest syndorme

broad-spectrum AB to cover common infections such as strep pneumonia and mycoplasma, pain control and blood transfusion

management of gonorrhoea

IM ceftriaxone

most common inherited clotting disorder

von willebrand's

types of transfusion reaction

- non-haemolytic febrile reaction - minor allergic reaction - anaphylaxis - acute haemolytic reaction - transfusion associated circulatory overload - transfusion associated lung injury

features of non-haemolytic febrile transfusion reaction

Fever, chills

management of non-haemolytic febrile transfusion reaction

slow or stop the transfusion paracetamol monitor

features of minor allergic transfusion reaction

pruritis | urticaria

management of minor allergic transfusion reaction

temporarily stop the transfusion antihistamine monitor

management of anaphylactic transfusion reaction

stop the transfusion IM adrenaline ABC support - oxygen - fluids

features of acute haemolytic transfusion reaction

Fever, abdominal pain, hypotension

features and management of TACO

pulmonary oedema, hypertension slow or stop transfusion consider loop diuretic

signs of TRALI

Hypoxia, pulmonary infiltrates on chest x-ray, fever, hypotension

causes of TRALI

secondary to increased vascular permeability caused by host neutrophils that become activated by substances in donated blood

cause of TACO

Excessive rate of transfusion, pre-existing heart failure

cause of acute haemolytic transfusion reaction

ABO-incompatible blood e.g. secondary to human error

cause of anaphylaxis in transfusion

Can be caused by patients with IgA deficiency who have anti-IgA antibodies

antibiotic causing sun sensitivity

doxycycline

rose spots on abdomen

salmonella typhi- typhoid psittacosis

presentation of waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia

bone marrow infiltration, splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy

difference between waldenstrom's and myeloma

it does not cause lytic bone lesions or hypercalcaemia

what can paraproteinaemias cause

ischaemic strokes

high IgM

waldenstrom's

If investigating a suspected DVT, and either the D-dimer or scan cannot be done within _ hours, then start a ____

4 | DOAC

signs of post-thrombotic syndrome

``` painful, heavy calves pruritis swelling varicose veins venous ulceration ```

who gets necrobiosis lipoidica

diabetics

conditions that contraindicate platelets

TTP

treatment of TTP

corticosteroids

pathophysiology of ITP

precipitated by recent URTI reduction in platelet count antibodies directed against glycoprotein IIb/IIIa or Ib-VI-IX complex

presentation of ITP

petichiae pupura bleeding

management of ITP

oral pred pooled IVIG splenectomy

what is evan's syndrome

ITP in association with AIHA

most common cause of viral meningitis in adults

coxsackie B

common presentation of sickle-cell

hand-foot syndrome

cause of hand-foot syndrome

sickling of RBCs interfering with circulation to hands and feet

amoebic dysentry

profuse, bloody diarrhoea long incubation period stool microscopy= trophozoites

treatment of dysentry

mentronidazole

treatment for invasive amoebiasis

luminal amoebicide to eradicate the cystic stage which is resistant to metronidazole and tinidazole

raised ESR + osteoporosis

multiple myeloma

primary CNS lymphoma

single brain lesion with homogenous enhancement

primary CNS lymphoma treatment

steroids chemo surgical intervention

2-level DVT Wells score is ≥ 2 points

proximal leg vein ultrasound scan within 4 hours | if -ve D dimer