Dash-1 Section III (up until Compressor Stalls) Flashcards
Land as soon as possible
An emergency shall be declared and a landing accomplished at the nearest suitable landing area considering the severity of the emergency, weather conditions, field facilities, ambi- ent lighting, and command guidance
Land as soon as practical
Emergency conditions are less urgent and, although the mis- sion is to be terminated, the degree of the emergency is such that an immediate landing may not be necessary.
What is considered a suitable landing area?
A suitable landing area is a hard surface runway, taxiway, or under/overrun. Landing on an unprepared surface or ditching is not recommended.
In the AUTO start mode, what instances should the PMU terminate the start sequence?
If a no start is detected or if a hung or hot start is projected, the PMU should terminate the start sequence.
What situations must an engine start be aborted manually? (6)
-ITT rate likely to exceed 1000 °C (hot start)
-ITT likely to remain between 871-1000 °C for >5 seconds
-Normal N1 increase is halted (hung start)
-No rise of ITT is evident within 10 seconds after fuel flow (no start)
-BAT BUS annunciator illuminates
-ST READY annunciator extinguishes
How do you manually abort a start?
PCL - OFF or
Starter Switch - Auto/Reset
(If start is initiated with PCL in the OFF position, abort by reselecting AUTO/RESET. If the PCL is past the IDLE gate, abort by placing the PCL to OFF.)
If a start using external power is either aborted by the PMU, or manually aborted for a hot, hung, or no start?
Do NOT attempt subsequent starts
Repeated PMU aborted start attempts are indicative of?
Engine malfunctions
During ground starts what parameters may cause the PMU to abort a battery start?
weak battery
high OAT
high pre-start ITT
high density altitude
tailwind
What should you do if a battery start was aborted?
Connect external power (if available) and perform Motoring Run Procedure. Sub-sequent starts may be attempted if no engine malfunctions are evident and no limits have been exceeded.
Why would you perform a motoring run procedure?
After any aborted start (auto or manual) during which fuel was introduced. Motor the engine to clear residual fuel and/or lower the ITT.
When moving the starter switch to NORM during a motoring start, what is important to know about the switch?
STARTER switch is not spring-loaded from MANUAL to NORM
What are the primary indications of a fire? What are some other indications of a fire?
The primary indications of an engine fire are illumination of the FIRE and MASTER WARN annunciators. Other indica- tions of an engine fire are visual smoke or fire, engine indi- cations (high ITT, fluctuating or high fuel flow), and notification from exterior sources such as ground crew, tower, or another aircrew.
What should you do if evidence of a fire exists during start or other ground operations?
perform the Emergency Engine Shutdown On The Ground procedure and Emergency Ground Egress procedure if applicable.
When should you perform an emergency engine shutdown on the ground?
-Serious Ground Emergency
-Chip Light
-Prop Strike
-Fire
-Departing a Prepared Surface
When can you begin performing the emergency ground egress checklist (if required)?
after the aircraft has come to a complete stop and the engine has been shut down
What items will pull free on their own whenever you perform an emergency ground egress?
Oxygen hose, emergency oxygen hose, communication leads, and anti-G suit hose will pull free while vacating cockpit
If aborting a takeoff and a raised barrier is put up, what should aircrews do?
Steer around it, depart the prepared surface if necessary, and/or eject
When performing the engine failure immediately after takeoff boldface, what does “PCL - AS REQUIRED” mean?
The pilot should select IDLE to use the increased drag of the not yet feathered propeller or select OFF to reduce the sink rate.
What are initial indications of engine failure? What lights do you expect to see?
Loss of power and airspeed; rapid decay in N1, torque, and ITT; and propeller movement towards feather
The GEN, FUEL PX, and OIL PX annunciators will illuminate, followed by the OBOGS FAIL annunciator. The PMU FAIL and CKPT ALT annunciators may illuminate
What climb angle should be used for zoom to eject?
The zoom to eject is accomplished by pulling up to a 20° climb angle (if able) and ejecting before a sink rate develops. Zoom to eject allows the pilot to add 200 feet of altitude increase above the altitude gain noted in the zoom chart due to not pushing over
If attempting an airstart or positioning to land with an engine failure, what should you do above 150 KIAS? What about below 150 KIAS?
Above 150: zoom climb using a 2 G pull up to a 20° climb angle until approaching the desired glide airspeed (use approximately 20 KIAS lead point) and then initiating a 0 to +0.5 G push- over to capture desired glide airspeed
Below 150: constant altitude deceleration to desired glide airspeed.
What is considered “usable torque”?
Greater than 6%
Will the propellor fully feather if the PCL is above OFF?
No. Propeller will not feather unless the PCL is fully in OFF.
What is the lowest the N1 will indicate?
8% (below that is just reads 0%)
At 125 KIAS, how would you know that the engine flamed out?
At 125 KIAS, an engine which has flamed out will rotate below 8% N1 and indicate 0% N1. The engine oil pressure indicator may display oil pres- sures up to 4 psi with or without the engine seized.
When should you NOT attempt an airstart?
Fire, FOD, Frozen, Final
Approximately how much time and how much altitude will an airstart cost if pitching for best glide speed (125 KIAS)?
1200 feet
40 seconds
For an airstart: the higher the altitude, and the slower the airspeed, the ____ the starting ITT peak temperature.
warmer
What is the airstart envelope?
Consideration should be given to ensure airstarts are attempted within the airstart envelope (125-200 KIAS for sea level to 15,000 feet, or 135-200 KIAS for 15,001-20,000 feet)
Why must the PCL go off in an airstart?
PCL must be in OFF to feather the propeller, and ensure proper starter, ignition, boost pump, and PMU operation during airstart.
Also, so fuel is not introduced prematurely
If N1 does not rise within __ seconds, discontinue the airstart attempt and proceed to IF AIRSTART IS UNSUCCESSFUL due to ____.
5 seconds
suspected mechanical failure
For an airstart, movement of the PCL above IDLE before N1 stabilizes at approximately 67% will cause what?
an increase in fuel flow which may cause engine failure due to a severe ITT overtemperature.
For an airstart, what should you do if there is no rise in ITT within 10 seconds?
If there is no rise in ITT within 10 seconds after fuel flow indications, place the PCL to OFF and abort the start.
If the generator switch will not reset after a start, what should you check?
Verify the STARTER switch is in NORM. The starter will drain battery power in 10 minutes if left in MANUAL.
What happens if there is continuous operation of the boost pump?
Continuous operation with the BOOST PUMP switch in the ON position will cause damage to the engine-driven low pressure fuel pump. Upon landing, notify maintenance of the duration of flight with BOOST PUMP switch in the ON position.
The most critical pilot action during the PMU OFF start is
PCL movement while monitoring fuel flow, ITT, and N1 acceleration
Is a motoring run always required following an abort start?
No. If no fuel was introduced to the engine, there is no fuel to clear or temperature to reduce
When are you NOT allowed to attempt a subsequent start?
-If external power was used on a start attempt and you have a hot, hung, or no start
-Limits were exceeded
What are the 6 stated reasons for aborting an engine start?
-Hot Start (ITT likely to exceed 1,000 ºC)
-Hung Start (Normal N1 increase is halted)
-No start (no rise in ITT within 10 seconds of fuel flow)
-BAT BUS light
-ST READY light extinguishes
-ITT likely to exceed 871-
Who is responsible for commanding an ejection and what words will you use to initiate it?
the Aircraft Commander will say “BAILOUT, BAILOUT, BAILOUT.” Use the term ejection at all other times