D3.2 Inheritance SL Flashcards
Diploid zygote
A cell formed by the fusion of two haploid gametes, containing genetic material from both parents.
What is the role of gonads in sexual reproduction?
Gonads are specialized organs that produce gametes through meiosis.
Describe the significance of hermaphroditism in flowering plants
Hermaphroditism in plants, such as the pea plant, allows for both self and cross-pollination, increasing genetic diversity
What is the significance of sexual reproduction in eukaryotic organisms?
It increases genetic variation in a population
What is self-pollination?
The transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma within the same plant
Who is known as the father of genetics?
Gregor Mendel
What is a monohybrid cross?
A genetic cross involving one gene
Define phenotype
Observable characteristics resulting from genotype and environmental factors
What is a genotype?
The genetic constitution of an organism
What does homozygous mean?
Having two identical alleles of a gene
What are alleles?
Different forms of a gene.
Define heterozygous
Having two different alleles of a gene
What is polygenic inheritance?
A trait controlled by multiple genes
Explain incomplete dominance
A genetic situation where neither allele is completely dominant, resulting in a blend of traits
What is codominance?
A situation where two alleles are expressed equally in the phenotype
What determines sex in humans?
he type of sex chromosome (X or Y) carried by the sperm
Define sex-linked genetic disorder
A disorder caused by mutations on the sex chromosomes
What is a pedigree chart?
A diagram showing inheritance patterns across generations in families
Give an example of a sex-linked disorder
Haemophilia
What are linked genes?
Genes located close together on the same chromosome
What is continuous variation?
Variation where traits show a range of phenotypes (e.g., skin color)
Define discrete variation
Variation where traits are distinctly different (e.g., blood groups)
What causes skin color variation?
The presence or absence of melanin, controlled by multiple genes
What is melanin?
A pigment that determines skin color
What is a box-and-whisker plot used for?
To graphically represent variation of continuous traits
