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IBDP Biology (FA2025) > D3.2 Inheritance SL > Flashcards

D3.2 Inheritance SL Flashcards

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1
Q

Diploid zygote

A

A cell formed by the fusion of two haploid gametes, containing genetic material from both parents.

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2
Q

What is the role of gonads in sexual reproduction?

A

Gonads are specialized organs that produce gametes through meiosis.

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3
Q

Describe the significance of hermaphroditism in flowering plants

A

Hermaphroditism in plants, such as the pea plant, allows for both self and cross-pollination, increasing genetic diversity

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4
Q

What is the significance of sexual reproduction in eukaryotic organisms?

A

It increases genetic variation in a population

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5
Q

What is self-pollination?

A

The transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma within the same plant

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6
Q

Who is known as the father of genetics?

A

Gregor Mendel

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7
Q

What is a monohybrid cross?

A

A genetic cross involving one gene

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8
Q

Define phenotype

A

Observable characteristics resulting from genotype and environmental factors

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9
Q

What is a genotype?

A

The genetic constitution of an organism

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10
Q

What does homozygous mean?

A

Having two identical alleles of a gene

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11
Q

What are alleles?

A

Different forms of a gene.

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12
Q

Define heterozygous

A

Having two different alleles of a gene

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13
Q

What is polygenic inheritance?

A

A trait controlled by multiple genes

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14
Q

Explain incomplete dominance

A

A genetic situation where neither allele is completely dominant, resulting in a blend of traits

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15
Q

What is codominance?

A

A situation where two alleles are expressed equally in the phenotype

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16
Q

What determines sex in humans?

A

he type of sex chromosome (X or Y) carried by the sperm

17
Q

Define sex-linked genetic disorder

A

A disorder caused by mutations on the sex chromosomes

18
Q

What is a pedigree chart?

A

A diagram showing inheritance patterns across generations in families

19
Q

Give an example of a sex-linked disorder

A

Haemophilia

20
Q

What are linked genes?

A

Genes located close together on the same chromosome

21
Q

What is continuous variation?

A

Variation where traits show a range of phenotypes (e.g., skin color)

22
Q

Define discrete variation

A

Variation where traits are distinctly different (e.g., blood groups)

23
Q

What causes skin color variation?

A

The presence or absence of melanin, controlled by multiple genes

24
Q

What is melanin?

A

A pigment that determines skin color

25
Q

What is a box-and-whisker plot used for?

A

To graphically represent variation of continuous traits

IBDP Biology (FA2025) (67 decks)

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