C1.1 Enzymes and metabolism HL Flashcards
Intracellular Enzyme-Catalysed Reactions
Reactions that occur inside the cell, catalyzed by enzymes produced by free ribosomes
Extracellular Enzyme-Catalysed Reactions
Reactions that occur outside the cell, catalyzed by enzymes produced by bound ribosomes and secreted via exocytosis
Cyclical Metabolic Pathways
Pathways where the final product returns to the first step, e.g., Krebs Cycle
Linear Metabolic Pathways
Pathways with a clear start and end point, e.g., Glycolysis
Generation of Heat in Metabolism
Heat is a byproduct of metabolic reactions due to energy transformation inefficiencies
Competitive Inhibition
Occurs when a substance mimics the substrate and binds to the active site of an enzyme
Inhibitor binds to a site other than the active site, altering enzyme function
Non-Competitive Inhibition
A form of feedback inhibition where the final product inhibits the pathway’s first enzyme
End-Product Inhibition
Mechanism-Based Inhibition
Inhibitors bind to the enzyme and undergo a reaction that inactivates the enzyme
Biological catalysts that speed up biochemical reactions without being consumed
Enzyme
Substrate
The molecule upon which an enzyme acts
Region on an enzyme where the substrate binds
Active Site
A site on an enzyme, other than the active site, where molecules can bind and affect enzyme activity
Allosteric Site
Feedback Inhibition
Process where the end product of a reaction inhibits the enzyme’s activity
Enzyme Specificity
The ability of an enzyme to choose exact substrate from a group of similar chemical molecules
Process through which cells expel materials, used in extracellular enzyme secretion
Exocytosis
Linear pathway where glucose is broken down to pyruvate
Glycolysis
Cyclical pathway in cellular respiration where acetyl-CoA is broken down
Krebs Cycle
