D2.2 Gene expression HL Flashcards
Gene Expression
The process by which genetic information is used to produce RNA and proteins
Promoters
Non-coding DNA regions where RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription
Transcription Factors
Proteins that regulate gene expression by influencing RNA polymerase binding to promoters
mRNA Persistence
The stability and duration of mRNA, affecting how often it can be translated into proteins
Transcription
Process of synthesizing mRNA from DNA
Translation
Process where ribosomes read mRNA to produce a protein
Epigenesis
Development of organisms through interactions between DNA and environmental factors without DNA sequence changes
DNA Methylation
Addition of a methyl group to DNA, often repressing gene expression
Histone Acetylation
Addition of an acetyl group to histone proteins, usually increasing gene expression
Histone Methylation
Addition of methyl groups to histone proteins, affecting gene expression positively or negatively
Epigenetic Inheritance
Transmission of epigenetic tags like DNA methylation and histone modification to offspring
Transcriptome
The complete set of RNA transcripts produced by a genome
Environmental Impact on Gene Expression
External factors like pollution, diet, and temperature can alter gene expression patterns
Lac Operon
Gene cluster in bacteria, upregulated by lactose for lactose metabolism
Tryptophan Operon
Gene cluster in bacteria, downregulated by tryptophan to inhibit its synthesis
